Nature:FLT3突变成急性髓细胞白血病治疗靶标

2012-04-17 Beyond 生物谷

根加州大学旧金山分校(UCSF)Helen Diller Family癌症综合中心医生科学家领导完成的一项研究证实:治疗人类白血病中最常见的类型之一急性髓细胞性白血病关键可能在于FLT3基因的突变。 本周发表在《自然》杂志上的研究证明FLT3基因的激活突变可以作为急性髓细胞白血病治疗的靶标,以此靶标可开发出新的药物。 加州大学旧金山分校综合癌症中心Neil Shah博士说:这些突变对白血病细胞

根加州大学旧金山分校(UCSF)Helen Diller Family癌症综合中心医生科学家领导完成的一项研究证实:治疗人类白血病中最常见的类型之一急性髓细胞性白血病关键可能在于FLT3基因的突变。

本周发表在《自然》杂志上的研究证明FLT3基因的激活突变可以作为急性髓细胞白血病治疗的靶标,以此靶标可开发出新的药物。

加州大学旧金山分校综合癌症中心Neil Shah博士说:这些突变对白血病细胞的生存至关重要,我们的研究结果还表明FLT3基因的耐药性突变可能是未来靶向药物开发的趋势,将有望重燃开发FLT3基因抑制剂治疗急性髓细胞白血病的希望

新的研究工作也揭示少数通过针对FTL3的老一代药物治疗急性髓细胞性白血病在临床试验中失败的原因。原因在于这些药物并不是缺乏靶向精确度,而是缺乏抑制癌症所需的足够力度,也即对作用位点的作用强度不够。

Shah认为抑制FLT3的所有耐药形式的组合疗法或许可以给患者带来更好的治疗结果,他的实验室正努力确定这些化合物组合,使药物组合尽快走向临床。

在过去的几十年中,当更好的诊断测试、成像技术和治疗方法降低了其他类型癌症死亡率时,急性髓细胞白血病患者的5年生存率并没有提高。根据国家癌症研究所,1,256名美国人中将有一人被诊断患有急性髓细胞性白血病。

癌症治疗的目的是想从骨髓中完全消除癌细胞,从几年前的研究发现来看,许多急性髓细胞性白血病患者存在FTL3基因的激活突变,基因突变与预后差有关。科学家们推测这种突变基因可能是抗癌的有效途径,但只有当基因对白血病细胞生存至关重要时,上述推测才成立。

临床上测试了几种针对FTL3基因的药物,但都未能缓解病情,发挥疗效。这些失败的原因有两个:要么FTL3的基因突变对癌症和白血病细胞的生存不起决定性作用,要么药物本身无法达到抑制FLT3的程度(目的)。

研究人员正在寻找可以专门针对这些突变的化合物,目前已确定了几个有前途的候选药物,其中之一正在进行临床试验。

这项研究由白血病和淋巴瘤协会、多丽丝·杜克慈善基金会和国家癌症研究所、国立卫生研究院等资助。

这项研究合作单位包括美国加州大学伯克利分校、加州大学旧金山分校、西奈山医学院、美国约翰霍普金斯大学、宾夕法尼亚大学和圣地亚哥Ambit生物科技公司等。

doi:10.1038/nature11016
PMC:
PMID:

Validation of ITD mutations in FLT3 as a therapeutic target in human acute myeloid leukaemia.

Catherine C. Smith, Qi Wang, Chen-Shan Chin, Sara Salerno, Lauren E. Damon, et al.

Effective targeted cancer therapeutic development depends upon distinguishing disease-associated ‘driver’ mutations, which have causative roles in malignancy pathogenesis, from ‘passenger’ mutations, which are dispensable for cancer initiation and maintenance. Translational studies of clinically active targeted therapeutics can definitively discriminate driver from passenger lesions and provide valuable insights into human cancer biology. Activating internal tandem duplication (ITD) mutations in FLT3 (FLT3-ITD) are detected in approximately 20% of acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) patients and are associated with a poor prognosis1. Abundant scientific2 and clinical evidence1, 3, including the lack of convincing clinical activity of early FLT3 inhibitors4, 5, suggests that FLT3-ITD probably represents a passenger lesion. Here we report point mutations at three residues within the kinase domain of FLT3-ITD that confer substantial in vitro resistance to AC220 (quizartinib), an active investigational inhibitor of FLT3, KIT, PDGFRA, PDGFRB and RET6, 7; evolution of AC220-resistant substitutions at two of these amino acid positions was observed in eight of eight FLT3-ITD-positive AML patients with acquired resistance to AC220. Our findings demonstrate that FLT3-ITD can represent a driver lesion and valid therapeutic target in human AML. AC220-resistant FLT3 kinase domain mutants represent high-value targets for future FLT3 inhibitor development efforts.

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    2012-05-31 liye789132251
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    2012-04-19 zhaojie88
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    2012-04-19 chengjn
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    2012-04-19 fengyi816

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