JAMA DERMAT:不可思议!PD-1抗体让癌症患者“白发”变“黑发”

2017-07-15 佚名 生物探索

这几年,PD-1/PD-L1抗体俨然已成为癌症治疗领域的“明星”。近日,科学家们得到了一个关于PD-1/PD-L1抗体的新发现——它们让肺癌患者白发变黑发。这究竟是怎么回事呢?

这几年,PD-1/PD-L1抗体俨然已成为癌症治疗领域的“明星”。近日,科学家们得到了一个关于PD-1/PD-L1抗体的新发现——它们让肺癌患者白发变黑发。这究竟是怎么回事呢?

7月12日,发表在JAMA Dermatology杂志上题为“Hair Repigmentation During Immunotherapy Treatment With an Anti–Programmed Cell Death 1 and Anti–Programmed Cell Death Ligand 1 Agent for Lung Cancer”的研究发现,颠覆癌症治疗的PD-1抗体和PD-L1抗体竟然能够让患者的灰白头发重新变成黑色。

在正式介绍这一发现前,先看一张直观的图:
图1(来源:JAMA Dermatology)

在人体免疫系统中,T细胞是保卫健康的重要“士兵”。当T细胞识别出癌细胞,它们就会发起攻击。不过,狡猾的癌细胞却不是那么容易被认出来的。一些癌细胞会给自己带上“面具”,躲过T细胞的“扫描系统”。PD-L1蛋白就是癌细胞的重要“面具”之一。此外,它还在T细胞上找到了一位“盟友”——PD-1蛋白。两者一旦结合,T细胞就会将癌细胞识别为正常细胞,并放任它们在体内“发展壮大”。

在过去的几年里,科学家们开发出了多个靶向PD-1和PD-L1这对免疫检查点的单克隆抗体。其中,PD-1抗体nivolumab 和pembrolizumab以及PD-L1抗体atezolizumab已经被批准用于治疗转移性非小细胞肺癌(non– small-cell lung cancer,NSCLC)。

由于存在于T细胞上的PD-1分子通常是一个安全装置,用来阻止免疫细胞攻击那些它们不该攻击的对象,比如健康人类细胞,因此,通过阻断这一免疫检查点来治疗癌症也带来一些免疫相关的不良事件。其中,皮肤是最常受影响的器官。虽然只有5%的患者会出现严重的反应,但大约一半的患者会发展成轻度到中度的皮肤不良反应,包括出疹、白癜风和瘙痒。

不过,到目前为止,还没有关于头发“重新染色”(hair repigmentation,HR)这一副作用的案例被报道。

在这一研究中,52名肺癌患者参与了一项前瞻性研究。该研究旨在调查是否患者接受抗PD-1/PD-L1疗法会产生皮肤毒性反应。结果发现,有14名患者在接受治疗期间出现了HR。其中,13人为男性,1人为女性;4名患者是鳞状细胞肺癌,10名患者是肺腺癌;12人在接受PD-1抗体治疗(11 nivolumab, 1 pembrolizumab),2人在接受PD-L1抗体atezolizumab治疗。

所有出现HR的患者中,只有1人在4个周期后由于疾病进展停止了治疗,并最终死亡。其他人仍在治疗中,且实现部分缓解或病情稳定(stable disease,SD)。
表格来源:JAMA Dermatology

HR通常开始发生于枕骨区和颞区(occipital and temporal region),然后发展向额前区和顶骨区(frontal and parietal areas),或者发生在先前没有黑色头发的地方(图1和图2)。
图2(来源:JAMA Dermatology)

据研究者们介绍,头发灰白是一个与衰老有关的生理过程,在不同种族之间存在一些差异。HR是罕见的,只有在与多种药物(如thalidomide、lenalidomide、erlotinib、adalimumab和etretinate)有关的几份出版物中被报道过。尽管科学家们已经提出了一些假说,但这背后的机制还不清楚。

一些作者提出,不同的药物能够抑制促炎细胞因子(TNF-α、TNF-β、IL-1和IL-6)。这些细胞因子可以作为黑素生成的负调节因子。这就解释了HR的发生。另一些作者提出了一种几乎相反的假说:毛囊中的黑色素细胞可能是通过炎症介质来激活的,如细胞因子和活性氧。

在文章的结论中,这一研究的作者们提出,虽然需要在更多的患者中进一步研究毛囊老化的生理病理学以及HR的机制,但HR或许可以成为临床响应的一个标志。

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    2017-07-17 jet747

    还有这种作用?

    0

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    2017-07-15 luominglian113

    学习了,谢谢分享

    0

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    2017-07-15 ylzr123

    感谢小编为我们准备了如此丰盛的精神大餐,同时也向作者致谢!认真学习了,点赞!

    0

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    2017-07-15 lyh994

    所以,白发变黑发还是有希望的

    0

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    2017-07-15 lovetcm

    意想不到收获

    0

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