Cancer Res:这么神奇?中山大学首次发现鼻咽癌易感基因在体内的这种新功能

2018-07-14 仙寓山上人 iNature

2018年7月1日,中山大学肿瘤防治中心的曾益新和冯琳课题组研究人员在Cancer Research上发表了题为“TNFRSF19 Inhibits TGFβ Signaling through Interaction with TGFβ Receptor Type I to Promote Tumorigenesis”的研究论文,报道了鼻咽癌易感基因TNFRSF19的体内功能和分子机制。该文章首

2018年7月1日,中山大学肿瘤防治中心的曾益新和冯琳课题组研究人员在Cancer Research上发表了题为“TNFRSF19 Inhibits TGFβ Signaling through Interaction with TGFβ Receptor Type I to Promote Tumorigenesis”的研究论文,报道了鼻咽癌易感基因TNFRSF19的体内功能和分子机制。该文章首次揭示了属于肿瘤坏死家族受体超家族的孤儿受体TNFRSF19的体内结合信号分子与所参与的TGFb通路,为理解鼻咽癌的遗传易感性在鼻咽癌的发生发展中的作用提供了重要线索。

鼻咽癌是一类非常特殊的头颈肿瘤,在世界上大多数国家中罕见,但是在我国尤其是南方发病率很高。中国鼻咽癌的患者占世界鼻咽癌总患病人数的80%以上,而广东省鼻咽癌患者占全中国的60%,故有“广东癌”之称。鼻咽癌的发病原因非常复杂,目前认为是遗传因素,环境因素以及病毒因素三方面联合作用的结果。鼻咽癌的一大特征是家族聚集现象。21.6%的鼻咽癌患者都有癌症家族史,12.3%的患者有鼻咽癌家族史,鼻咽癌患者一级亲属的发病率是其他人群的4~10倍,因此遗传易感性一直被认为是鼻咽癌发病的重要因素。

为揭示鼻咽癌遗传易感基因,曾益新院士团队在2010年在Nature Genetics上发表研究论文,通过全基因组遗传连锁分析(GWAS)发现了四个新的鼻咽癌易感基因位点,其中包括TNFRSF19基因。该基因是肿瘤坏死因子受体超家族的第19号成员,但不参与TNFa通路,其配体和胞内接头蛋白未知,自克隆近20年来一直是个孤儿受体。

曾益新和冯琳课题组发现TNFRSF19在正常鼻咽上皮组织近乎不表达,而在鼻咽癌组织和细胞系中高度表达,且其表达水平与预后呈负相关。此外,TNFRSF19基因敲除的鼻咽癌细胞系的生长速率和成瘤能力大幅减弱,提示TNFRSF19是鼻咽癌中的一个促癌基因。

为揭示TNFRSF19的促癌机制,研究人员利用蛋白亲和纯化的方式捕获了TNFRSF19的胞内结合蛋白。出乎意料的是,另一个膜受体,TGFb I型受体被鉴定为TNFRSF19的结合蛋白。TGFb是一类生长抑制因子,通过结合配体TGFb后触发I型和II型受体二聚化和激酶活化,从而磷酸化Smad2/3,最终和Smad4形成复合物入核,驱动细胞周期阻滞基因如p21的转录。研究人员发现TNFRSF19的胞内域直接结合TGFb I型受体的胞内激酶域,其相互作用阻碍了TGFb I型受体和Smad2/3复合物的形成以及下游事件的活化。在鼻咽癌细胞中敲除TNFRSF19使得TGFb通路的活性大幅升高,而在体内,TNFRSF19的表达水平与TGFb通路蛋白的活化程度呈明显负相关,证实了TNFRSF19对TGFb通路的强烈抑制作用。

该项工作首次发现易感基因TNFRSF19在鼻咽癌中通过gain-of-function阻断了TGFb从受体到胞质接头蛋白Smad2/3的信号传导,导致鼻咽上皮细胞不再对生长抑制因子TGFb敏感,细胞开始不受控的增殖生长。这是迄今非常罕见的TGFb受体的直接抑制蛋白的报导,也扩展了人们对TNFa受体家族的多样性的认知。

长久以来,科研人员在抗击肿瘤的道路上艰难前行。前期肿瘤基因组学的研究提供了海量的遗传变异的数据,后期人们面临更加困难的蛋白质组水平的变异功能图谱的绘制,揭示了不同基因型(genotype)和表型(phenotype)之间的复杂关系是精准医学的内在需求。TNFRSF19的功能鉴定是在揭示基因组静态的碱基序列之后转入对基因组动态的生物学功能学研究的一项例证。TNFRSF19和TGFb通路的活化情况在鼻咽癌的诊断和治疗方面的应用前景还有待进一步研究发掘。

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    2018-07-14 zz811

    学习了

    0

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    2018-07-14 易水河

    学习学习

    0

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