靶向RNA的抗癌药物!

2018-07-12 佚名 生物通

“在现代制药纪元里,RNA是‘非主流’的药物靶标。事实上,我们发现一些已知药物的作用方式恰恰是与RNA结合,”Scripps研究所教授、化学家Matthew D. Disney博士说。“我们发现了广泛的RNA结合类药物。有理由相信,以RNA作为靶点亦是药物研发的一个可行出路。”


“在现代制药纪元里,RNA是‘非主流’的药物靶标。事实上,我们发现一些已知药物的作用方式恰恰是与RNA结合,”Scripps研究所教授、化学家Matthew D. Disney博士说。“我们发现了广泛的RNA结合类药物。有理由相信,以RNA作为靶点亦是药物研发的一个可行出路。”

人类蛋白大约有2万个品种,而人类RNA却接近20万种。目前市场上大多数药物都含活性小分子。通过基于结构的药物设计,化学家们对这些小分子药物展开优化,使其选择性地与它们的生物靶标(一般是疾病相关重要蛋白)紧密结合。

但是,因为蛋白质很大并且含有许多褶皱和裂缝,这些小分子存在局限性,有些疾病驱动区域对小分子药物来说是不可接近的。这个问题激发了Disney团队的好奇心,由于RNAs参与细胞内蛋白组装,一些人推测,“无药可治”的疾病也许可以在蛋白质制造之前,即RNA水平上加以改善。

Disney表示,他过去对RNA结合小分子疗法的想法持怀疑态度。因为,以RNA作为目标,它们的大小、运动、易变性和不特异性都太有挑战了。然而,最新研究证明,现有药物有能力做到这一点。

研究人员设计了一个使用大量药物拮抗各种RNA分子的快速筛选系统,他们将该系统称为“AbsorbArray”。

“我们找到了一种方法,可以测试数百万种小分子药物与RNA折叠的组合,”Disney说。

在该系统的帮助下,研究人员确定了三种与microRNA结合的药物,并且该microRNA是所有癌症都涉及的。这些药物属于激酶和拓扑异构酶抑制剂,可以干扰miR-21表达。进一步测试表明,干扰miR-21能阻止癌细胞侵入组织。

“看起来非常普通的小分子药物也可以靶向RNA,”Disney说。

于是,他们继续对另一个文库“前体信使RNA(pre-messenger RNA)”进行二维组合筛选。同事Arnab K. Chatterjee博士为其提供了RNA剪接调节子库用于实验。

Disney课题组已经发现RNA结合分子可应用于包括ALS、2型强直性肌营养不良症、三阴性乳腺癌、囊性纤维化等多种疾病。他认为,AbsorbArray将推动疾病相关RNA结合物走向临床

“现在一些患者每天服用的药物显然是靶向RNA的,知识局限却让我们误以为它们是靶向蛋白质的,”Disney说。“今后,AbsorbArray可以帮助我们重新认知常规药物,并将RNA概念带入制药领域前沿。”

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  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1308255, encodeId=0e3b130825580, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=6e495554550' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#抗癌药物#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=26, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=55545, encryptionId=6e495554550, topicName=抗癌药物)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=9fe6351, createdName=flyingeagle77, createdTime=Sat Jul 14 08:14:00 CST 2018, time=2018-07-14, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1314777, encodeId=f01d1314e77f4, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=9d4b5554131' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#抗癌药#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=36, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=55541, encryptionId=9d4b5554131, topicName=抗癌药)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=12de429, createdName=sunylz, createdTime=Sat Jul 14 08:14:00 CST 2018, time=2018-07-14, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=331108, encodeId=59e2331108a7, content=学习了!!!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=88, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=59321624668, createdName=zb1235672, createdTime=Thu Jul 12 17:24:06 CST 2018, time=2018-07-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=331107, encodeId=e35333110e71, content=好文章.学习了., beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=92, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=60791943465, createdName=1e0f8808m18(暂无匿称), createdTime=Thu Jul 12 17:22:45 CST 2018, time=2018-07-12, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-07-14 sunylz
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    2018-07-12 zb1235672

    学习了!!!

    0

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    2018-07-12 1e0f8808m18(暂无匿称)

    好文章.学习了.

    0