J Biol Chem:研究者开发出激活免疫细胞抵御癌症的新方法

2012-05-19 T.Shen 生物谷

近日,来自美国罗格斯大学的研究者开发了一种新的激活机体免疫细胞阿片样受体(opiate receptors)活性的新方法,这样免疫细胞就可以高效地对肿瘤细胞进行清除。在研究中,研究者Dipak Sarkar教授和其团队使用了一种新的药理学途径来激活免疫细胞,最终达到抑制肿瘤细胞生长并且高效清除肿瘤细胞的目的。相关研究成果刊登在了5月11日的国际杂志Journal of Biological Che

近日,来自美国罗格斯大学的研究者开发了一种新的激活机体免疫细胞阿片样受体(opiate receptors)活性的新方法,这样免疫细胞就可以高效地对肿瘤细胞进行清除。在研究中,研究者Dipak Sarkar教授和其团队使用了一种新的药理学途径来激活免疫细胞,最终达到抑制肿瘤细胞生长并且高效清除肿瘤细胞的目的。相关研究成果刊登在了5月11日的国际杂志Journal of Biological Chemistry上。

研究者在文章中描述了两种结构不同但功能相似的阿片样受体Mu和Delta受体,免疫细胞中的这些来自蛋白复合物的受体要么是由两个相同分子形成的结构相似的同性二聚体受体,要么是由乙醇诱导形成的在结构上不同的异源二聚体。研究者用药理学的方法使得这两种结构不同但功能相似的阿片样受体Mu和Delta受体形成更多的同型二聚体,以便这些受体可以在免疫细胞中激增,最终有能力杀死肿瘤细胞。

研究者Sarkar表示,这项研究的潜力就在于可以引起大脑中内源性阿片类物质的产生并且增加,而此时,大脑外围的物质将会变得更加有效,来调节压力以及免疫功能。阿片样物质就像大脑内啡肽类,可以和免疫细胞进行交流沟通,因此当胎儿因为接触酒精、药物滥用、焦虑、压抑、慢性心理压力等原因而引起大脑内啡肽缺失的话,胎儿的机体就会经历压力冲击,最终引起免疫机能不全。阿片样物质就扮演着调节机体压力机制的调节子的作用,因此当机体中内啡肽类水平较低的话,机体的压力指示器水平就会升高。

研究者的这项研究中,研究者将Mu受体阻滞剂和Delta受体的激活剂进行结合后,免疫细胞就会增加外源细胞杀伤的能力,这将会使得机体更加有效地抵御病原菌感染和肿瘤细胞的生长。Sarkar认为,将阿片类拮抗剂和激活剂进行结合对于人类疾病有潜在的治疗价值,尤其是对于免疫不全者、癌症患者、病痛患者以及酒精依赖性疾病的患者。以前研究室的研究表明,在细胞治疗中补充内啡肽类可以阻止很多压力以及免疫问题,然而,细胞治疗比较复杂,涉及神经干细胞产生内啡肽类细胞的复杂过程,并且有时候会导致产生其它病症。

研究者开展这项研究的兴趣基于他们通过观察发现,酒精滥用或有其它发育问题的母亲经常会生育出有高压效应、癌症或者免疫系统疾病的孩子,研究者为了追寻这种孩子的发病机制,所以开展了这项研究,研究者通过部分调查研究表示,内源性的阿片样系统在高压效应孩子和承认的大脑中是异常的。

研究组还发现了当人们酗酒时,机体抵御病毒、细菌或者癌症发生的能力会下降。总的来说,研究者的这项研究增加了我们对于新式的治疗癌症、免疫系统疾病以及酒精诱导疾病的方法的理解。研究者还希望这种新式的药理学方法可以激起免疫细胞的阿片样受体的活性,使得离临床治疗更近一步。

(生物谷:T.Shen编译)

doi:10.1074/jbc.M112.347583
PMC:
PMID:

Opiate Antagonist Prevents μ- and δ-Opiate Receptor Dimerization to Facilitate Ability of Agonist to Control Ethanol-altered Natural Killer Cell Functions and Mammary Tumor Growth*

Dipak K. Sarkar1, Amitabha Sengupta, Changqing Zhang, Nadka Boyadjieva and Sengottuvelan Murugan

In the natural killer (NK) cells, δ-opiate receptor (DOR) and μ-opioid receptor (MOR) interact in a feedback manner to regulate cytolytic function with an unknown mechanism. Using RNK16 cells, a rat NK cell line, we show that MOR and DOR monomer and dimer proteins existed in these cells and that chronic treatment with a receptor antagonist reduced protein levels of the targeted receptor but increased levels of opposing receptor monomer and homodimer. The opposing receptor-enhancing effects of MOR and DOR antagonists were abolished following receptor gene knockdown by siRNA. Ethanol treatment increased MOR and DOR heterodimers while it decreased the cellular levels of MOR and DOR monomers and homodimers. The opioid receptor homodimerization was associated with an increased receptor binding, and heterodimerization was associated with a decreased receptor binding and the production of cytotoxic factors. Similarly, in vivo, opioid receptor dimerization, ligand binding of receptors, and cell function in immune cells were promoted by chronic treatment with an opiate antagonist but suppressed by chronic ethanol feeding. Additionally, a combined treatment of an MOR antagonist and a DOR agonist was able to reverse the immune suppressive effect of ethanol and reduce the growth and progression of mammary tumors in rats. These data identify a role of receptor dimerization in the mechanism of DOR and MOR feedback interaction in NK cells, and they further elucidate the potential for the use of a combined opioid antagonist and agonist therapy for the treatment of immune incompetence and cancer and alcohol-related diseases.

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    2012-06-29 stfoxst
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    2012-07-24 sunylz
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