临床决策支持 (CDS) 工具:减少诊断错误,改善患者安全

2013-10-22 Peter Bonis UpToDate

诊断错误是个普遍存在而且潜在致命的问题。曾刊登于纽约时报的文章——《寻求其他观点,问问电脑如何?》强调了利用一些重要的潜在健康信息技术来减轻与错误诊断有关的伤害。人们目前也已研发出几种工具,加上计算科学的持续发展,最终将产生能超越人类最佳认知技能的方法。 想实现这个愿景,还面临着重大的难题。目前,一些可辅助进行鉴别诊断(differential diagnosis)的商业工具尚未证明能有效

诊断错误是个普遍存在而且潜在致命的问题。曾刊登于纽约时报的文章——《寻求其他观点,问问电脑如何?》强调了利用一些重要的潜在健康信息技术来减轻与错误诊断有关的伤害。人们目前也已研发出几种工具,加上计算科学的持续发展,最终将产生能超越人类最佳认知技能的方法。

想实现这个愿景,还面临着重大的难题。目前,一些可辅助进行鉴别诊断(differential diagnosis)的商业工具尚未证明能有效减轻临床实践中诊断错误方面的负担。现有的技术以及可采用哪些方式将其应用于工作流程等方面仍存在诸多局 限。事实上,这些系统中大多数在“计算机辅助诊断跟进报告卡”中仅仅达到了刚及格的水平——C+等级,详见一般内科医学期刊(Journal of General Internal Medicine)在2011年12 月发表的结果。

此外,帮助临床医生进行全面的鉴别诊断(最终达到正确诊断的效果)仅代表了健康信息技术在减少认知错误机会的一小部分。多项研究早已显示,每三项临床诊断中,就有两个问题产生,而如果这些问题能及时得到解答,那么每天可改变五到八个临床决策。很遗憾,这些问题中只有40%得到常规解答,有时还不是根据目前最佳的医疗知识来进行回答。现行的临床决策支持(Clinical Decision Support,CDS)工具不仅能辅助临床医生进行鉴别诊断,还能满足诊断和管理决策所面临更广泛的认知支持需求。

CDS 能帮助临床医生回答约90% 的问题。大量研究已经显示,CDS 和诊断、管理以及获取医学知识等方面的重大临床改变之间存在一定联系。此外,CDS和健康状况的改进也有直接联系,包括住院期间的长短和死亡率。在临床问 题上,CDS也给出了可行的、详细且证据充分的回答,从而证明了它对改善医疗质量、安全性和提高效率等的影响力。

沒有正确的诊断,就无法进行有效的治疗。工具的不断改进和操作流程的更加完善将会减少各类错误诊断的潜在不幸结果。鉴别诊断软件的话题仍将持续,但其重要性却不应凌驾于更广泛涵盖的临床决策支持工具(CDS)之上。

(医学博士Peter Bonis是UpToDate的首席医疗官。UpToDate 隶属于Wolters Kluwer健康事业部。)

什么是 CDS?

临床决策支持(Clinical Decision Support)旨在为临床医生提供最佳惯例和循证知识。最佳CDS解决方案有着强大的内涵,深受临床医生信赖,易于导航和使用,还可以集成到临床医生每日使用的系统中。

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为什么各地的临床医生都信赖UpToDate®,采用它来邦助治疗患者?访问UpToDate官网www.uptodate.com 了解更多信息。

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    2013-10-24 yangpeizhi
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