一文读懂!神经源性膀胱的影像学表现

2022-02-11 医学影像服务中心 医学影像服务中心

中枢或周围神经损害所引起的下尿路贮尿、排尿功能障碍称作神经源性尿道机能障碍,习惯上简称为神经源性膀胱。

中枢或周围神经损害所引起的下尿路贮尿、排尿功能障碍称作神经源性尿道机能障碍,习惯上简称为神经源性膀胱。

膀胱的存储和排空功能需要膀胱逼尿肌、扩约肌和盆底肌肉之间复杂的神经-肌肉协调和配合来完成。

支配会阴三角区肌肉的脊髓排尿中枢位于T11-L2 脊髓节段,支配逼尿肌者位于S2-S4节段,通过锥体束进行协调和抑制。

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中枢或周围神经损害所引起的下尿路贮尿、排尿功能障碍称作神经源性尿道机能障碍,习惯上简称为神经源性膀胱。

主要病因为中枢神经系统病变,导致排尿反射过强,膀胱频发性不随意强烈收缩,括约肌功能紊乱,导致逼尿肌和括约肌增生与肥厚。

神经系统病变常见于脑肿瘤、脑血管意外、脑脓肿、多发性硬化、Parkinson病、脊髓横断、脊髓压迫等。

临床表现:频发性小便失禁或尿残留。

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膀胱造影:由于长期的内压增高,膀胱肌肉增粗肥大形成大小不等的肌肉束。造影可显示膀胱壁边缘高低不平,呈很多波浪状向内凹陷的小梁样结构,即膀胱成梁征象;小梁之间可见多发的小憩室影,憩室大小不一,散在分布;因肌肉小梁增生、肥厚、膀胱颈部明显狭窄。

膀胱增大,呈宝塔样或圣诞树样;有不同程度输尿管逆流,输尿管增宽,肾盂扩张积水,多呈双侧性;可合并膀胱结石等。

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CT:平扫时可见膀胱壁增厚,整个膀胱凹凸不平,有部分壁呈双层状或憩室状,两侧输尿管明显扩张,严重者可见两侧肾积水。

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MR:可显示膀胱壁增厚,膀胱增大、双肾盂积水、输尿管扩张等。

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鉴别诊断:需要与尿路梗阻性疾病,如前列腺肥大、尿道狭窄等造成的尿潴留相鉴别。可通过B超检查和尿道造影,结合临床病史不难鉴别。

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    2022-02-11 小白努力长高高

    好文章,学习到了,谢谢。

    0

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