BMC Medicine:哮喘遗传或可影响两代

2012-11-09 BMC Medicine BMC Medicine

      如果你的祖母抽烟,那么你很有可能得哮喘?不抽烟的人表示,躺着也中枪。然而,根据《BMC医学》(BMC Medicine)上最近发表的一篇研究成果,这很有可能是真的。   这项研究将怀孕的大鼠暴露在尼古丁中,发现不但它们的后代会患哮喘,其后代的后代,即使未暴露在尼古丁中,也会患上哮喘。   之前的研究证实,围产期的尼古丁暴露会改变胎儿肺部发育所必需的信号通路,

  

   如果你的祖母抽烟,那么你很有可能得哮喘?不抽烟的人表示,躺着也中枪。然而,根据《BMC医学》(BMC Medicine)上最近发表的一篇研究成果,这很有可能是真的。

  这项研究将怀孕的大鼠暴露在尼古丁中,发现不但它们的后代会患哮喘,其后代的后代,即使未暴露在尼古丁中,也会患上哮喘。

  之前的研究证实,围产期的尼古丁暴露会改变胎儿肺部发育所必需的信号通路,从而影响肺的生长和分化,导致后代易患儿童哮喘;而过氧化物媒体增殖物活化受体γ(PPARγ)激动剂能抑制这种影响。然而,这种哮喘风险是否仅限于尼古丁暴露的后代本身;是否会传递给下一代?目前尚不清楚。

  于是,洛杉矶生物医学研究所的Virender Rehan及其同事开展了这方面的研究。研究是在大鼠中开展的。当大鼠怀孕6天时,他们向其体内注射了尼古丁。(注:大鼠的孕期为22天。)之后大鼠产下了幼鼠。在幼鼠三周大时,研究人员对部分进行了检查。其余幼鼠则发育成熟并繁衍后代,研究人员又对其后代进行了类似的检查。不过,这一次没有注射尼古丁。

  第一代幼鼠有着哮喘的肺部。器官的呼吸道收缩,而分子分析表明纤维连接蛋白和胶原蛋白的水平异常高,这将使肺部组织变硬,同时,尼古丁受体分子的水平偏高。由于发育胚胎曾暴露在尼古丁中,这些表现可以预计。然而,当研究小组对第二代幼鼠进行相似检测时,他们获得了类似的结果。那些隔一代的幼鼠并未暴露在尼古丁中。

  Rehan博士认为,第二代患哮喘的原因是表观遗传学修饰。尼古丁不仅影响肺细胞,还影响生殖细胞,导致这些细胞最终发育形成的肺以同样异常的方式表达它们的基因。

  具体是哪个表观遗传学改变就很难追踪。研究小组已经开始研究,但没有发现清晰的模式,除了尼古丁诱导的乙酰化之外。H3组蛋白可被一种称为RGZ的分子所阻断。研究发现,这种分子能保护肺部不受尼古丁的侵害。这表明,H3组蛋白的乙酰化,而不是DNA本身的甲基化导致了这种影响。

  作者认为,怀孕期间尼古丁暴露所产生的生殖系表观遗传学标记可能永久编程,并通过生殖细胞传递给后代。这一突破性的发现改变了目前的哮喘模式,开辟了许多新的探索途径。

链接:

Virender K Rehan, Jie Liu, Erum Naeem, Jia Tian, Reiko Sakurai, Kenny Kwong, Omid Akbari and John S Torday. Perinatal nicotine exposure induces asthma in second generation offspring.BMC Medicine 2012, 10:129 doi:10.1186/1741-7015-10-129

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    2013-08-26 jeanqiuqiu
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    2013-09-06 kalseyzl
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在美国,每10个儿童当中就有一个遭受哮喘的折磨,但是造成这种疾病产生的潜在性环境因素仍然不广为人知。如今,来自美国辛辛那提大学、美国环境保护局(Environmental Protection Agency, EPA)和辛辛那提儿童医院医学中心的研究人员发现新证据表明婴儿期间接触三种类型霉菌---赭曲霉(Aspergillus ochraceus)、爪甲曲霉(Aspergillus unguis)

PNAS:导致哮喘发作的生理因素

一项新的以寻找减少哮喘发作因素为目的的方法研究,给哮喘患者带来了希望。加州大学旧金山分校的研究人员和他的同事们相信他们已经找到一种方法来阻碍导致哮喘患者哮喘发作的两个最重要的生物反应。 哮喘是一种呼吸系统疾病,患者往往出现呼吸急促、咳嗽和胸部不适等症状。根据美国疾病控制和预防中心报道,在美国有1870万成人和700万儿童患有哮喘。 加州大学旧金山分校与约翰霍普金斯大学、杜克大学的研究人员合作在

Nat. Med:抗生素使用或可加重过敏和哮喘发作

3月25日,发表在《自然—医学》(Nature Medicine)上的一项报告称,长期服用抗生素或生活在无菌环境下的小鼠容易患上严重的过敏和哮喘。这项发现支持了“卫生假说”理论,该理论认为一定量的细菌能预防过敏疾病的发生。 据多项流行病研究显示,肠道细菌的改变与呼吸道过敏疾病比如哮喘,存在一定关联。但导致该关联产生的细胞和分子的具体种类目前仍是未知数。 David Artis和同事发现服用五种