Science报道白血病治疗重大成果

2015-04-03 佚名 生物通

最近,麻省大学医学院和弗吉尼亚大学的科学家们,设计出一种新型分子,可抑制难以治疗的复发急性髓性白血病(ALL)的发展。这种小分子是首次被设计用于特异性靶定致癌转录因子,以前被认为是一个无成药性(undruggable)靶标。这种策略可以用来设计其他新的分子,特异性地抑制致癌转录因子。这一重要研究成果发表在Science杂志上。  转录因子是单个或多个蛋白的复合物,可调节DNA转

最近,麻省大学医学院和弗吉尼亚大学的科学家们,设计出一种新型分子,可抑制难以治疗的复发急性髓性白血病(ALL)的发展。这种小分子是首次被设计用于特异性靶定致癌转录因子,以前被认为是一个无成药性(undruggable)靶标。这种策略可以用来设计其他新的分子,特异性地抑制致癌转录因子。这一重要研究成果发表在Science杂志上。
  
转录因子是单个或多个蛋白的复合物,可调节DNA转录成信使RNA,并通过结合一个基因旁边的基因组区域,调节基因的表达。转录因子的突变可导致基因表达程序的改变,从而为新的致癌功能开路。虽然这些异常的转录因子是新的治疗靶点,但是阻断非常专一的蛋白-蛋白相互作用是很复杂的,从而使得我们很难找到小分子或设计药物治疗这些癌症。

本文共同第一作者、分子、细胞和癌症生物学副教授Lucio H. Castilla指出:“当我们着眼于抑制剂时,它们通常靶定一种酶或受体。在临床试验中没有转录因子抑制剂的好例子。在这里,我们利用在一组急性白血病患者中发现的突变转录因子的丰富知识,设计出一种分子,可以特异性地仅靶定致癌突变。从而留下正常的转录因子结合到DNA上,并修复基因的表达。”

急性骨髓性白血病可致使沉积在骨骼中的异常白细胞快速增长,并妨碍红血细胞的生产。它是最常见的成人白血病形式,依据特定的遗传亚群生存率将有所变化。典型的治疗方法包括非选择性化疗,但这对某些人群来说是费力的,尤其是老年人。靶定特定遗传异常的治疗方法,可能毒性较低并产生更好的结果。

16号染色体上具有一个倒位的AML患者(称为inv(16)AML),通常对初始化疗有反应,但小部分的病例可能发生复发。这些患者的白血病是由16号染色体上DNA序列的一个小倒位引起,该序列将控制生产血细胞的一个基因和一个肌肉生理相关的基因结合起来。当正常的时候,核心结合因子-β(CBFB)蛋白通常与RUNX蛋白结合形成一种转录因子,可调节许多控制白细胞和红细胞生产的基因。在伴inv(16)AML细胞中,CBFB基因与平滑肌肌球蛋白重链(SMMHC)基因融合在一起,并且CBFB-SMMHC融合蛋白的活性可导致白血病。 

弗吉尼亚大学的化学教授John H. Bushweller博士,筛选了一个小分子文库,发现分子AI-4-57可抑制RUNX和CBFB-SMMHC的结合。然而,这种分子的活性不足以产生治疗作用;仅仅通过治疗一部分AML细胞,会使肿瘤复发并抵抗进一步化疗。

为了克服这个问题,Castilla和Bushweller共同合作,修改了特异性靶定突变转录因子(CBFB-SMMHC)的初始化合物,而留下由16号染色体其他拷贝产生的正常转录因子(CBFB),自由发挥其调节血细胞生产的作用。 

利用该突变蛋白与正常蛋白之间的结构差异,研究人员设计出一种新化合物,具有他们所寻求的作用。由于正常CBFB是单体,CBFB-SMMHC是低聚的,因此,他们开发了最初筛选化合物AI-4-57的一种双价版本。经过进一步的完善,新药物AI-10-49可延长伴inv(16)AML小鼠的生存率,并在体外成功治愈体取自患者的白血病细胞株。

麻省理工学院生物工程助理教授Angela N. Koehler在随后一篇评论文章中写道,多价策略可以作为新药发现的一个模板。这项研究也是靶定异常转录的靶向疗法的一个概念证明,应该会鼓舞研究人员开发其他直接法,来控制癌症和其他疾病中的异常转录因子功能。” 

Castilla研究团队接下来将更好地了解“新设计的分子如何指导表达CBFB-SMMHC的细胞死亡,而留下患者的正常细胞”。

原始出处:

Anuradha Illendula1,*, John A. Pulikkan2,*, Hongliang Zong3, Jolanta Grembecka4, Liting Xue2, Siddhartha Sen3, Yunpeng Zhou1, Adam Boulton1, Aravinda Kuntimaddi1, Yan Gao1, Roger A. Rajewski5, Monica L. Guzman3, Lucio H. Castilla2,†, John H. Bushweller1,†.A small-molecule inhibitor of the aberrant transcription factor CBFβ-SMMHC delays leukemia in mice. Science 13 February 2015: Vol. 347 no. 6223 pp. 779-784 ; DOI: 10.1126/science.aaa0314

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    2015-04-05 jichang
  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1375018, encodeId=34b513e50186e, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=2949159989d' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#SCIE#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=37, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=15998, encryptionId=2949159989d, topicName=SCIE)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=17a3387, createdName=jichang, createdTime=Sun Apr 05 04:27:00 CST 2015, time=2015-04-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=19473, encodeId=d73c194e37f, content=第一段有个错误急性髓细胞白血病(AML), beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=86, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=91c51620496, createdName=Jay+Chou, createdTime=Sun Apr 05 00:36:00 CST 2015, time=2015-04-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=19348, encodeId=665e193488b, content=值得学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=83, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2018/03/28/a28e8ea268716dfc601012321847bccf.jpg, createdBy=e21a1620364, createdName=清氺訫, createdTime=Sat Apr 04 13:48:00 CST 2015, time=2015-04-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=19346, encodeId=e5cf1934684, content=又是新发现, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=115, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2018/03/28/a28e8ea268716dfc601012321847bccf.jpg, createdBy=e21a1620364, createdName=清氺訫, createdTime=Sat Apr 04 13:47:00 CST 2015, time=2015-04-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=19347, encodeId=daad1934e20, content=研究不错, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=100, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2018/03/28/a28e8ea268716dfc601012321847bccf.jpg, createdBy=e21a1620364, createdName=清氺訫, createdTime=Sat Apr 04 13:47:00 CST 2015, time=2015-04-04, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2015-04-05 Jay+Chou

    第一段有个错误急性髓细胞白血病(AML)

    0

  3. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1375018, encodeId=34b513e50186e, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=2949159989d' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#SCIE#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=37, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=15998, encryptionId=2949159989d, topicName=SCIE)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=17a3387, createdName=jichang, createdTime=Sun Apr 05 04:27:00 CST 2015, time=2015-04-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=19473, encodeId=d73c194e37f, content=第一段有个错误急性髓细胞白血病(AML), beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=86, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=91c51620496, createdName=Jay+Chou, createdTime=Sun Apr 05 00:36:00 CST 2015, time=2015-04-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=19348, encodeId=665e193488b, content=值得学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=83, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2018/03/28/a28e8ea268716dfc601012321847bccf.jpg, createdBy=e21a1620364, createdName=清氺訫, createdTime=Sat Apr 04 13:48:00 CST 2015, time=2015-04-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=19346, encodeId=e5cf1934684, content=又是新发现, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=115, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2018/03/28/a28e8ea268716dfc601012321847bccf.jpg, createdBy=e21a1620364, createdName=清氺訫, createdTime=Sat Apr 04 13:47:00 CST 2015, time=2015-04-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=19347, encodeId=daad1934e20, content=研究不错, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=100, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2018/03/28/a28e8ea268716dfc601012321847bccf.jpg, createdBy=e21a1620364, createdName=清氺訫, createdTime=Sat Apr 04 13:47:00 CST 2015, time=2015-04-04, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2015-04-04 清氺訫

    值得学习

    0

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    2015-04-04 清氺訫

    又是新发现

    0

  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1375018, encodeId=34b513e50186e, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=2949159989d' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#SCIE#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=37, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=15998, encryptionId=2949159989d, topicName=SCIE)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=17a3387, createdName=jichang, createdTime=Sun Apr 05 04:27:00 CST 2015, time=2015-04-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=19473, encodeId=d73c194e37f, content=第一段有个错误急性髓细胞白血病(AML), beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=86, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=91c51620496, createdName=Jay+Chou, createdTime=Sun Apr 05 00:36:00 CST 2015, time=2015-04-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=19348, encodeId=665e193488b, content=值得学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=83, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2018/03/28/a28e8ea268716dfc601012321847bccf.jpg, createdBy=e21a1620364, createdName=清氺訫, createdTime=Sat Apr 04 13:48:00 CST 2015, time=2015-04-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=19346, encodeId=e5cf1934684, content=又是新发现, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=115, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2018/03/28/a28e8ea268716dfc601012321847bccf.jpg, createdBy=e21a1620364, createdName=清氺訫, createdTime=Sat Apr 04 13:47:00 CST 2015, time=2015-04-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=19347, encodeId=daad1934e20, content=研究不错, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=100, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2018/03/28/a28e8ea268716dfc601012321847bccf.jpg, createdBy=e21a1620364, createdName=清氺訫, createdTime=Sat Apr 04 13:47:00 CST 2015, time=2015-04-04, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2015-04-04 清氺訫

    研究不错

    0

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