JNS:神经外科围术期静脉血栓栓塞症的高危因素

2014-08-06 佚名 丁香园

神经外科患者在围手术期间发生静脉血栓栓塞症(Venous thromboembolism, VTE;包括深静脉血栓形成和肺栓塞)风险较高,常给患者带来灾难性后果。预防性抗凝药固然可降低其发生率,但会增加患者出血尤其颅内出血可能性,因而其常规应用受到限制。若能识别出具备 VTE 高危因素的患者,并给予相应的预防性措施,将有助于降低此类并发症的发生率,改善预后,造福患者。

神经外科患者在围手术期间发生静脉血栓栓塞症(Venous thromboembolism, VTE;包括深静脉血栓形成和肺栓塞)风险较高,常给患者带来灾难性后果。预防性抗凝药固然可降低其发生率,但会增加患者出血尤其颅内出血可能性,因而其常规应用受到限制。若能识别出具备 VTE 高危因素的患者,并给予相应的预防性措施,将有助于降低此类并发症的发生率,改善预后,造福患者。

来自美国加州大学旧金山分校和西北大学的研究人员开展了一项回顾性研究,对由美国外科医师学院牵头的全国外科手术质量改进计划数据库 (the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program, ACS NSQIP) 进行数据分析,结果发表在最近的 Journal of neurosurgery 杂志上。

自 2006 年到 2011 年,NSQIP 数据库记录了全美 47 个州各医院多达 1777035 名手术患者的资料,包括这些患者在围术期发生的并发症情况,如术后 30 天内深静脉血栓形成和肺栓塞等记录。经分析,研究人员发现,NSQIP 数据库包含 38058 名神经外科手术患者,平均年龄 56.0±15.0 岁,身高 186.7±46.9 公分,体重 66.9±4.2 公斤,男女比例大致相等,颅脑手术与脊柱手术比例分别为 26.4% 和 73.6%.

这 3 万多名患者中,共有 640 例 (1.7%) 发生 VTE,244 例肺栓塞 (0.6%),484 例深静脉血栓形成 (1.3%)。VTE、肺栓塞和深静脉血栓形成发生率逐年趋势变化不大。多元分析还显示,颅脑手术比脊柱手术更易发生 VTE,不论是 VTE 总的发生率,还是肺栓塞、深静脉血栓形成各自的发生率。其他的危险因素还包括中枢神经系统肿瘤、运动功能障碍、四肢瘫痪或截瘫、长期口服固醇类药物和术前呼吸机依赖。

对于深静脉血栓形成,多元分析结果提示 COPD、应用化疗药、吸烟是其保护性因素。因此,通过对涉及 1 百多万例手术患者的数据库研究,研究人员得出结论,VTE 在神经外科手术患者并不少见,具体发生率约 1.7%,其中深静脉血栓发生率约是肺栓塞的两倍,这些年来发生率没有发生变化。接受颅脑手术的患者比脊柱手术者更易并发 VTE,具体原因未知。另外,本研究还指出了 VTE 发生的危险因素、保护性因素,为临床实践提供了有价值的参考。

原始出处:

Rolston JD1, Han SJ, Bloch O, Parsa AT.What clinical factors predict the incidence of deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism in neurosurgical patients?J Neurosurg. 2014 Aug 1:1-11. [Epub ahead of print]

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    2015-04-17 cmcmfn2002

    牛人,真能统计那么多人的数据?

    0

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    2014-09-10 fusion
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    2015-03-21 xue8602
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