Cell:扼住肿瘤生长的咽喉--CDK8可能成为肿瘤治疗靶点

2013-06-09 cell 生物谷

当肿瘤生长之时,在它们的中央处会出现供氧短缺的情况。因此肿瘤必须触动特异的遗传开关,才能在这样的环境下生存。 当前一系列的经费资助性研究都只是停留在基础科学层面上,而一篇刊登在《细胞》(Cell)杂志上的论文则指向了临床应用。来自霍华德·休斯医学研究所的科学家意外发现了对低氧环境中的肿瘤生存至关重要的、一个可用药物控制的靶点。研究人员表示,以一个基础生物学问题为起始的研究现在被证实与患者相关的角

Cell:扼住肿瘤生长的咽喉

当肿瘤生长之时,在它们的中央处会出现供氧短缺的情况。因此肿瘤必须触动特异的遗传开关,才能在这样的环境下生存。

当前一系列的经费资助性研究都只是停留在基础科学层面上,而一篇刊登在《细胞》(Cell)杂志上的论文则指向了临床应用。来自霍华德·休斯医学研究所的科学家意外发现了对低氧环境中的肿瘤生存至关重要的、一个可用药物控制的靶点。研究人员表示,以一个基础生物学问题为起始的研究现在被证实与患者相关的角度来说,这是一个很好的案例。

在这项研究中,科学家调查了一种称作为 Mediator 的蛋白质复合物控制基因表达的机制。

研究人员表示,这是一个古老的蛋白质复合物,保守存在于从酵母到人类的所有真核生物中。但科学家们对于 Mediator 的作用机制却不是很清楚。

研究人员将焦点放在了 Mediator 中一个称作为 CDK8 的酶上:这种酶的功能是什么?他们在癌细胞中耗尽 CDK8 ,随后在有或无低糖、DNA损伤,当然还有低氧等这些应激源的情况下,培养了这些细胞。没有 CDK8 ,细胞无法激活可以帮助它们在低氧条件下生存的基因表达程序。

果不其然,研究结果表明,低氧条件下 CDK8 在控制基因表达中发挥了重要的作用。数百种基因表达上调,使得细胞能够适应这些环境,但没有了 CDK8 则不能做到这样。

本身,这是一个相当重要的基础生物学发现。Espinosa联合癌症研究小组继续开展了下一步的研究:

研究人员已经知道转录因子HIF1A是细胞响应低氧的一个主控因子。当氧气下降时,它上调了存活基因。众所周知,HIF1A是肿瘤形成的一个重要因子,但是作为一个转录因子,它很难用药物靶向。

研究小组想知道, CDK8 和HIF1A是否有可能协同作用,调控了低氧条件下的遗传响应。现在你知道了是怎么一回事:原来HIF1A必须通过 CDK8 发挥作用,帮助肿瘤响应低氧环境。尽管很难用药物来靶向转录因子HIF1A,但一种称为激酶抑制剂的药物就是用于专门靶向与 CDK8 功能相似的酶的。

研究人员指出,一开始,这是一个非常基础的问题:细胞是如何利用 Mediator 复合物来开启和关闭基因的?现在我们发现相同的这一系统对于肿瘤缺氧至关重要。我们从 CDK8 的角度切入,正好落到了已知的癌基因HIF1A上,在回到 CDK8 ,现在这具有非常现实的临床潜力。

原始出处:

HIF1A Employs CDK8-Mediator to Stimulate RNAPII Elongation in Response to Hypoxia
Summary
The transcription factor HIF1A is a key mediator of the cellular response to hypoxia. Despite the importance of HIF1A in homeostasis and various pathologies, little is known about how it regulates RNA polymerase II (RNAPII). We report here that HIF1A employs a specific variant of the Mediator complex to stimulate RNAPII elongation. The Mediator-associated kinase CDK8, but not the paralog CDK19, is required for induction of many HIF1A target genes. HIF1A induces binding of CDK8-Mediator and the super elongation complex (SEC), containing AFF4 and CDK9, to alleviate RNAPII pausing. CDK8 is dispensable for HIF1A chromatin binding and histone acetylation, but it is essential for binding of SEC and RNAPII elongation. Global analysis of active RNAPII reveals that hypoxia-inducible genes are paused and active prior to their induction. Our results provide a mechanistic link between HIF1A and CDK8, two potent oncogenes, in the cellular response to hypoxia.

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    2013-10-19 维他命
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    2013-06-11 zhouqu_8

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