JID:更早起始ART和更高剂量的美沙酮可降低HIV吸毒人群的死亡率

2013-05-07 JID dxy

由于国内吸毒人数和HIV感染者数目的庞大,通过吸毒或共同使用注射器途径感染的HIV患者达到了总数的1/3,同时随着对美沙酮替代治疗的安全性和有效性的认识不断加深,中国政府在2004年启动了一项国家美沙酮持续治疗(MMT,Methadone Maintenance Treatment)工程。虽然这项工程在一定程度上取得了成功,比如,研究表明接受MMT治疗的鸦片依赖吸毒者的死亡率比未治疗人群低。但是,

由于国内吸毒人数和HIV感染者数目的庞大,通过吸毒或共同使用注射器途径感染的HIV患者达到了总数的1/3,同时随着对美沙酮替代治疗的安全性和有效性的认识不断加深,中国政府在2004年启动了一项国家美沙酮持续治疗(MMT,Methadone Maintenance Treatment)工程。虽然这项工程在一定程度上取得了成功,比如,研究表明接受MMT治疗的鸦片依赖吸毒者的死亡率比未治疗人群低。但是,在HIV人群中,静脉注射吸毒者的抗逆转录病毒治疗(ART)覆盖率最低,而死亡率最高。为了确认在接受MMT的人群中HIV阳性和阴性患者的死亡率,同时验证更早起始ART和更高剂量的美沙酮能否提高其存活率,来自于中国疾病控制和预防中心(CDCC)的Enwu Liu和同事进行了一项研究,研究结果在线发表于2013年4月16日的Journal of Infectious Diseases杂志上。研究发现,更早起始ART和更高剂量的美沙酮能够降低感染HIV吸毒者的死亡率。

从2004年3月24日至2011年4月30日,共有306786例患者参与了中国MMT工程,本研究分别计算了总体死亡率、首次和常规接受ART治疗的HIV感染者的死亡率。

研究结果显示,MMT人群的死亡率是1.18%每年(PY,[CI]=11.5-12.1),而HIV阳性人群中的死亡率达到了5.72%([CI]=11.5-12.1)。当美沙酮的平均剂量提高到75mg/d时,总死亡率降低24%(HR=0.76, CI=0.70-0.82),在首次接受ART治疗的HIV感染者中,死亡率降低了48%(HR=0.52,CI=0.42-0.65),而在常规接受ART治疗的HIV阳性者中,死亡率下降了47%(HR=0.53,CI=0.46-0.62)。在常规接受ART患者中,在CD+T细胞数大于300 cells/mm3 (HR=0.64, CI=0.43-0.94)时就开始接受ART治疗与死亡率的降低相关。

研究表明,尽管更早起始ART治疗和更高剂量的美沙酮能够降低死亡率,但是HIV阳性MMT人群的死亡率还是很高。无论是否接受ART治疗,更高剂量的美沙酮剂量与HIV感染和未感染者死亡率的降低相关。
HIV相关的拓展阅读:


Factors associated with mortality of HIV-positive clients receiving methadone maintenance treatment in China.
Background
Little is known about mortality of opiate users attending methadone maintenance treatment (MMT), we sought to investigate mortality and its predictors among HIV-positive MMT clients.
Methods
Records of 306,786 clients enrolled in China's MMT program from 24 March 2004 to 30 April 2011 were abstracted. Mortality rates were calculated for all clients, HIV-positive antiretroviral treatment (ART)-naïve and ART-experienced clients. Risk factors were examined using stratified proportional hazard ratios.
Results
The observed mortality rate for all clients was 11.8 per 1,000 person-years (PY, 95% confidence interval [CI]=11.5-12.1) and for HIV-positive clients (n=18,193) 57.2 per 1,000 PY (CI=54.9-59.4). An increase in average methadone doses to >75 mg/day was associated with a 24% reduction in mortality (HR=0.76, CI=0.70-0.82) and a reduction of 48% for ART-naïve HIV-positive clients (HR=0.52, CI=0.42-0.65) and 47% for ART-experienced HIV-positive clients (HR=0.53, CI=0.46-0.62). Among ART-experienced clients, initiating ART at a CD4+ T cell counts >300 cells/mm3 (HR=0.64, CI=0.43-0.94) was also associated with decreased risk of death.
Conclusion
We found high mortality rates among HIV-positive MMT clients, yet decreased risk of death with earlier ART initiation and higher methadone doses. Higher daily methadone dose was associated with reduced mortality in both HIV-infected and uninfected clients, independent of ART.

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    2014-04-21 millore
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    2013-07-06 紫砂壶
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    2013-08-05 amy0550
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    2013-05-09 zhaojie88
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    2013-05-09 qblt