Gastroenterology:中大六院揭结直肠瘤恶变机制

2014-05-26 驻地记者徐平鸽 通讯员简文杨 医学论坛网

日前,广州市CDC发布数据称,广州市结直肠癌发病率已达34例/10万,10年间发病率上升了50%,而排位也超过肝癌排在恶性肿瘤第二位,成为广州市居民癌症第二号杀手。相当于每天广州市有7.5个户籍居民被确诊为结直肠癌。 记者从中山大学附属第六医院获悉,该院一位80后研究人员发现了结直肠肿瘤的恶变新机制,此研究结果发表在最新一期的Gastroenterology杂志上,这是该领域最为权威的期刊之

日前,广州市CDC发布数据称,广州市结直肠癌发病率已达34例/10万,10年间发病率上升了50%,而排位也超过肝癌排在恶性肿瘤第二位,成为广州市居民癌症第二号杀手。相当于每天广州市有7.5个户籍居民被确诊为结直肠癌。

记者从中山大学附属第六医院获悉,该院一位80后研究人员发现了结直肠肿瘤的恶变新机制,此研究结果发表在最新一期的Gastroenterology杂志上,这是该领域最为权威的期刊之一,影响因子高达13分。

据了解,这个成果是由中山六院结直肠肛门外科骆衍新副研究员和美国华盛达大学Fred Hutchinson肿瘤中心William M. Grady教授牵头,联合中山大学、美国华盛达大学、西储大学和德国国家癌症中心等多家单位,关于DNA甲基化控制结直肠肿瘤发生机制研究的研究成果,其中中山六院是第一完成单位,也是第一通讯单位。

年仅30岁的骆衍新在2011年获中山大学外科学博士学位,他曾于2009年9月至2013年9月在美国华盛顿大学Fred Hutchinson肿瘤研究中心及华盛顿大学医疗中心接受博士和博士后训练,主攻胃肠道肿瘤的基础发病机制及以手术为主导的临床综合治疗。2013年4月入选中山大学“百人计划”被特聘为副研究员、硕士研究生导师。

研究证实:并不是所有的腺瘤都会恶变成癌

目前学术界认为,散发性结直肠癌主要由腺瘤发展而来。从正常结肠黏膜到腺瘤(息肉)再发展成为腺癌这是目前结直肠癌的主要发展序列,一般需要经历十几年、甚至几十年的时间。而息肉作为良性病变在肠镜下即可切除,这可以有效地阻断恶性肿瘤的发生。骆衍新告诉记者,发现息肉的老百姓也不用盲目的惊慌,并不是所有的息肉都会恶变成癌,研究结果显示,约10%左右患者的腺瘤将最终演变成恶性肿瘤。

DNA甲基化正是控制腺瘤究竟会不会恶变的关键机制

如何寻找有效的方法,预测已经获得腺瘤的患者、究竟会不会长出恶性肿瘤,这成了国内外研究团队所考虑的热点和难点问题。据骆衍新介绍,他所在的团队检测了正常结肠粘膜、腺瘤、腺癌三种组织状态下的基因组DNA甲基化状态及关键基因突变,结果发现,DNA甲基化正是控制腺瘤究竟会不会恶变的关键机制,发生高甲基化的腺瘤组织容易演变成低甲基化的恶性肿瘤,而低甲基化的腺瘤则基本保持正常结肠粘膜细胞的生物学特性。同时,研究团队指出,DNA甲基化引起的“表观遗传学不稳定性”远远发生在恶性肿瘤出现之前,而这种“不稳定”状态有可能正是导致抑癌基因失活、癌基因激活的主要机制。

关键基因位点,有望成为预测肿瘤是否会癌变的生物标记物

这个研究的意义在于发现了腺瘤中DNA甲基化状态是控制肿瘤恶性化分化的关键机制,这为肿瘤恶变提供了新思路。同时,研究中发现的关键基因位点,有望成为预测肿瘤是否会癌变的生物标记物,从而用以指导临床路径及随访策略的制定。“一直以来,阐明哪些良性疾病会恶变是制定合理治疗方案及随访的前提”。 骆衍新表示。

研究还发现,这些发生在良性肿瘤中的异常DNA甲基化基因,通常在恶性肿瘤中也参与肿瘤的进展,也就是说,这可能是自始至终调控肿瘤生物学行为的核心基因之一。

据悉,骆衍新师从国内著名结直肠肛门外科专家、中山六院汪建平教授,他们所在研究团队目前正在尝试利用本研究发现的关键基因作为分子标记物,结合该院在结直肠外科收治患者较多、收治病例丰富等资源优势,以此来预测肠镜检查并未发现肿瘤的患者、其在未来几年内出现结直肠肿瘤的机会,这有望将“治已病”真正发展至“治未病”,从而使患者获益最大化。

原始出处:

Luo Y1, Wong CJ2, Kaz AM3, Dzieciatkowski S2, Carter KT2, Morris SM2, Wang J4, Willis JE5, Makar KW6, Ulrich CM7, Lutterbaugh JD8, Shrubsole MJ9, Zheng W9, Markowitz SD8, Grady WM10.Differences in DNA Methylation Signatures Reveal Multiple Pathways of Progression from Adenoma to Colorectal Cancer.Gastroenterology. 2014 Apr 29. pii: S0016-5085(14)00595-2. doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2014.04.039. [Epub ahead of print]

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    2015-01-11 许安
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