Science:CRISPR–Cas9技术或可促进猪的器官向人类机体中的成功移植

2015-10-23 佚名 生物谷

图片来源:medicalxpress.com 此前科学家们并不敢想象同时对有机体的基因组进行大量的基因编辑,如今刊登在国际杂志Science上的一项研究论文中,来自哈佛大学等处的研究人员利用基因编辑系统CRISPR–Cas9对基因工程化的猪在62个位点进行了遗传编辑,对这62个位点进行编辑后就可以钝化存在于猪基因组中的天然的反转录病毒,这些反转录病毒抑制着猪的器官在人类机体中的合适移植。

图片来源:medicalxpress.com

此前科学家们并不敢想象同时对有机体的基因组进行大量的基因编辑,如今刊登在国际杂志Science上的一项研究论文中,来自哈佛大学等处的研究人员利用基因编辑系统CRISPR–Cas9对基因工程化的猪在62个位点进行了遗传编辑,对这62个位点进行编辑后就可以钝化存在于猪基因组中的天然的反转录病毒,这些反转录病毒抑制着猪的器官在人类机体中的合适移植。

随着通过基因工程技术使得反转录病毒被安全移除,人类有一天或许就可以接受来自猪体内的器官。文章中研究者提出了一种名为异种移植术的改变,即将一种物种的器官移植到另外一种物种机体中去,长期以来研究者一直希望,因可用器官有限而导致患者机体器官衰竭的障碍可以通过合适的供体动物来解决,而猪则可以作为一种潜在的候选者来帮助提供适合人类的器官,实际上猪的心脏瓣膜已经可以用来修复或移除人类机体受损的心脏瓣膜了。

进行整体功能性器官的移植包括活细胞及组织的移植,这就给科学家们提出了另一个重要的问题,其中一个就是对于很多哺乳动物而言,在其基因组中存在潜在的反转录病毒片段,其对原始宿主无害,但可以在其它物种中引发疾病;研究者Church说道,在猪的体内就存在一种名为猪内源性逆转录病毒(PERVs)的病毒,长期以来科学家们花费了超过十万亿来开发异种移植的方法,从猪的基因组中移除PERVs则或为开发新型的异种移植的方法带来一定帮助。

如今,科学家们利用CRISPR–Cas9技术就成功地使得猪机体DNA中包含PERV的62个重复的基因失活了,从而就跨越了临床上开发异种移植技术的障碍,当前在美国有超过12万患者等待进行器官移植,而且每年平均都会新增3万进行器官移植的患者,因此异种移植术或将为患者和临床医生带来巨大希望。

研究者Paul S. Russell说道,将猪的肾脏移植入狒狒体内可以在数月内维持完整的功能,但我们关心的是PERVs对受体动物的潜在风险,我们已经开发出了超过30年的供异种移植的猪,而且目前正在同Church进行合作来对猪进行一定的遗传修饰,如果研究者可以利用CRISPR–Cas9技术使得PERVs在遗传工程化猪的胚胎中确实,那么或许就可以有效消除异种移植引发的潜在风险。

研究者表示,他们最终希望通过修饰猪机体的细胞使得PERV失活,来在异种移植术进行过程中完全消除PERVs引发的风险,相信研究人员通过后期更多深入的研究开发出更加有效促进PERVs失活的技术,从而帮助进行猪机体的器官向人类患者机体的移植。

原文出处:

Luhan Yang1, Marc Güell1, et al.Genome-wide inactivation of porcine endogenous retroviruses (PERVs).Science.2015

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    2015-10-25 yuandd
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    2015-10-25 respect
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    2015-10-25 jichang
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    2015-10-25 muzishouyi
  6. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1930201, encodeId=0f4019302015b, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3c28522154' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#CRISPR–Cas9#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=39, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=5221, encryptionId=3c28522154, topicName=CRISPR–Cas9)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=80ca273, createdName=fanweitanzhen, createdTime=Fri Jan 22 09:12:00 CST 2016, time=2016-01-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1275844, encodeId=de1512e58442b, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=755d5211a0' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#CRISPR#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=31, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=5211, encryptionId=755d5211a0, topicName=CRISPR)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=583c133, createdName=yuandd, createdTime=Sun Oct 25 00:12:00 CST 2015, time=2015-10-25, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1364987, encodeId=0bcf136498e1d, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3f66412ebd' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Cas9#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=22, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=4127, encryptionId=3f66412ebd, topicName=Cas9)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=8346212, createdName=respect, createdTime=Sun Oct 25 00:12:00 CST 2015, time=2015-10-25, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1375105, encodeId=b23c13e51056d, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=2949159989d' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#SCIE#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=36, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=15998, encryptionId=2949159989d, topicName=SCIE)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=17a3387, createdName=jichang, createdTime=Sun Oct 25 00:12:00 CST 2015, time=2015-10-25, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1555221, encodeId=545d1555221c4, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=f367681e434' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#猪#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=35, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=68174, encryptionId=f367681e434, topicName=猪)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=9ec214601917, createdName=muzishouyi, createdTime=Sun Oct 25 00:12:00 CST 2015, time=2015-10-25, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1624746, encodeId=991b1624e46aa, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=0333412062' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Cas#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=26, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=4120, encryptionId=0333412062, topicName=Cas)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=411420689333, createdName=yaanren, createdTime=Sun Oct 25 00:12:00 CST 2015, time=2015-10-25, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2015-10-25 yaanren