J Nat Can Ins:控制雌激素水平的基因与年轻女性乳腺癌风险相关

2012-04-11 生物探索 生物探索

近日,发表在Journal of the National Cancer Institute上的一篇研究论文表示,在年轻女性中遗传决定的雌激素水平与乳腺癌发病风险具有直接的关联。 这项由伦敦卫生与热带医学学院及癌症研究所的科学家开展的重要研究发现,某个基因的变化涉及雌激素的分解,并且与降低更年期前女性乳腺癌风险有关。 该研究的共同作者Isabel Dos Santos Silva教授说:“以前

近日,发表在Journal of the National Cancer Institute上的一篇研究论文表示,在年轻女性中遗传决定的雌激素水平与乳腺癌发病风险具有直接的关联。

这项由伦敦卫生与热带医学学院及癌症研究所的科学家开展的重要研究发现,某个基因的变化涉及雌激素的分解,并且与降低更年期前女性乳腺癌风险有关。

该研究的共同作者Isabel Dos Santos Silva教授说:“以前的研究已经表明,更年期中的女性的雌激素水平与其在以后患乳腺癌的风险有关。不过,要在年轻的女性中确定这种风险很困难,部分原因是因为雌激素水平在女性的每月周期中是变化的,因而相当难以进行精确的测定。”

“我们开发了一种新颖的方法,对每月周期中雌激素水平的变化进行特别地捕获。使用这种新方法,这项研究首次可以对年龄在50岁以下的女性的雌激素水平及乳腺癌风险相关遗传变化进行鉴定。这些发现非常用药,因为不仅加深了我们对乳腺癌的生物学理解,并且可改进患有该疾病的年轻女性的诊断及治疗方式。”

尽管所发现的这种DNA变化只是激素与乳腺癌之间复杂关系中的一小部分,但是此类变异有潜力用于构建遗传试验,用于帮助预测女性的乳腺癌风险。

性激素,如雌激素,对于乳腺的发生具有重要的影响。此前有研究已经发现更年期后的女性拥有较高的雌激素水平的话,其患乳腺癌的风险更高,不过迄今为止,针对更年期前的女性的直接证据都不一致。

科学家们因此而着手寻找与性激素合成或分解有关的遗传变异。使用一种特别设计的用于反映月周期中雌激素水平变化的方法,他们首先测量了超过700位健康更年期前女性的尿液和血液中性激素水平。然后,他们着眼于被认为与性激素合成与分解有关的42个基因,对这些女性的DNA进行检测。

当他们对各个具有不同变异的女性的激素水平进行对比时,他们发现其中一个遗传变异在那些具有较低雌酮葡糖苷酸(一种雌激素降解产物)水平的女性中更为普遍。该变异发生在DNA链7q22.1位置上的一个碱基,距离CYP3A基因簇不远。该变异与尿液中雌酮葡糖苷酸水平下降(22%)有关。

该研究小组进一步在10551为乳腺癌患者及17535位健康对照者中进行该变异的检测,结果发现在健康女性中该变异更普遍。该变异可适度降低(9%)50岁以下女性的乳腺癌风险,但是对于更年老的女性并不适用。

CYP3A基因家族中的CYP3A4负责大约一半临床用药的降解,包括一些勇于乳腺癌治疗的药物,因此该团队相信他们的发现还具有更广泛的应用。该基因的变异有可能影响女性对药物的反应方式。

该研究的主要作者Olivia Fletcher博士说:“在我们未来向个体化医学推进时,我们希望对人的基因进行检测,不仅是确定使用何种药物,同时也是为不同的人定制最有效的剂量。”(生物谷Bioon.com)

doi:10.1093/jnci/djs156
PMC:
PMID:

CYP3A Variation, Premenopausal Estrone Levels, and Breast Cancer Risk

Nichola Johnson, Kate Walker, Lorna J. Gibson, Nick Orr, Elizabeth Folkerd, Ben Haynes, Claire Palles, Ben Coupland, Minouk Schoemaker, Michael Jones, Peter Broderick, Elinor Sawyer, Michael Kerin, Ian P. Tomlinson, Marketa Zvelebil, Sarah Chilcott-Burns, Katarzyna Tomczyk, Gemma Simpson, Jill Williamson, Stephen G. Hillier, Gillian Ross, Richard S. Houlston, Anthony Swerdlow, Alan Ashworth, Mitch Dowsett, Julian Peto, Isabel dos Santos Silva and Olivia Fletcher

Background Epidemiological studies have provided strong evidence for a role of endogenous sex steroids in the etiology of breast cancer. Our aim was to identify common variants in genes involved in sex steroid synthesis or metabolism that are associated with hormone levels and the risk of breast cancer in premenopausal women. Methods We measured urinary levels of estrone glucuronide (E1G) using a protocol specifically developed to account for cyclic variation in hormone levels during the menstrual cycle in 729 healthy premenopausal women. We genotyped 642 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in these women; a single SNP, rs10273424, was further tested for association with the risk of breast cancer using data from 10 551 breast cancer case patients and 17 535 control subjects. All statistical tests were two-sided. Results rs10273424, which maps approximately 50 kb centromeric to the cytochrome P450 3A (CYP3A) gene cluster at chromosome 7q22.1, was associated with a 21.8% reduction in E1G levels (95% confidence interval [CI] = 27.8% to 15.3% reduction; P = 2.7 × 10−9) and a modest reduction in the risk of breast cancer in case patients who were diagnosed at or before age 50 years (odds ratio [OR] = 0.91, 95% CI = 0.83 to 0.99; P = .03) but not in those diagnosed after age 50 years (OR = 1.01, 95% CI = 0.93 to 1.10; P = .82). Conclusions Genetic variation in noncoding sequences flanking the CYP3A locus contributes to variance in premenopausal E1G levels and is associated with the risk of breast cancer in younger patients. This association may have wider implications given that the most predominantly expressed CYP3A gene, CYP3A4, is responsible for metabolism of endogenous and exogenous hormones and hormonal agents used in the treatment of breast cancer.

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    2013-01-21 liye789132251
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    2012-04-16 sjq027
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