Science:Wnt家族蛋白结构的解析为开发新抗癌药物提供希望

2012-06-09 T.Shen 生物谷

研究者提出了一种三维成型技术,可以清楚了解Wnt蛋白的功能,并且能够清楚地阐明蛋白的卷曲受体(Frizzled receptor),以便我们可以设计出抗Wnt蛋白疗法来治疗癌症和其它疾病。(Credit: Image: K. Christopher Garcia) Wnt家族20种蛋白质是控制机体发育和生长所必须的重要蛋白质,但是近30年来,科学家并不知道这些蛋白质的“真面目”。这些蛋白质可以逃

研究者提出了一种三维成型技术,可以清楚了解Wnt蛋白的功能,并且能够清楚地阐明蛋白的卷曲受体(Frizzled receptor),以便我们可以设计出抗Wnt蛋白疗法来治疗癌症和其它疾病。(Credit: Image: K. Christopher Garcia)

Wnt家族20种蛋白质是控制机体发育和生长所必须的重要蛋白质,但是近30年来,科学家并不知道这些蛋白质的“真面目”。这些蛋白质可以逃避标准的可视化技术,因为它们不溶于以水溶液中。近日,来自斯坦福大学的研究者开发出了一种新的方法可以首次清楚地解析Wnt家族蛋白质的结构。相关研究成果刊登在了5月31日出版的国际杂志Science上。研究者在文章中提出了一种三维成型技术,可以清楚了解Wnt蛋白的功能,并且能够清楚地阐明蛋白的卷曲受体(Frizzled receptor),以便我们可以设计出抗Wnt蛋白疗法来治疗癌症和其它疾病。

研究者Garcia表示,这将为我们在生化手段上用分子解剖的方法了解Wnt蛋白开辟了新的路径。研究者Harold Varmus在30年前发现了Wnt蛋白,他们发现Wnt蛋白的基因wnt1在小鼠的乳腺癌细胞中异常活跃。过去的十年里,研究者揭示了Wnt蛋白在胚胎干细胞的发育、组织再生、骨骼发育、干细胞分化以及人类的许多癌症中都扮演着至关重要的角色。Wnt蛋白可以给予细胞身份,并且告诉其该进行什么样的行为。

在人类和无脊椎动物体中,配体受体系统是一个非常重要的系统,Wnt几乎遍布所有系统领域。很多科学家试图去在实验室对该蛋白质进行表达并且研究其结构。2003年,Nusse小组解释了为什么很多科学家分离Wnt蛋白的困难,因为Wnt蛋白包含了很多脂质分子,可以使得蛋白质不溶于水溶液中。科学家意识到必须通过含有洗涤剂的混合剂将蛋白质固定起来,这样才能够更好地研究其生化特征并且分离出Wnt蛋白。但是含有洗涤剂的混合制剂在固定Wnt蛋白上仍然有一定的困难。

研究者Garcia和Janda表示,如果细胞中可以表达出Wnt蛋白,那么其受体也会在相同的细胞中,这样受体就有可能保护Wnt蛋白暴露于脂类中,这样Wnt蛋白就可以溶解在脂质中。基于此,研究者发明了一种技术,他们可以使得Wnt8结合至卷曲受体8上(Frizzled-8)。

使用此项技术,研究者成功地观测到了Wnt蛋白的结构,研究者表示,这就好像螃蟹随着它的两个大钳子向前,然后抓着卷曲受体,而且Wnt蛋白的结构和之前的其它蛋白结构并无关系。然而这样研究者就可以开始进行Wnt蛋白折叠的起源进化研究。研究者后续将继续深入研究Wnt蛋白的结构,他们希望其它的Wnt蛋白和Wnt8具有一定的相似性。如今研究者Garcia正在解决为什么Wnt蛋白如此难表达,他表示,因为Wnt蛋白暴露于脂质中;因此探究者希望对蛋白进行改良,在不影响其功能的情况下解决其表达问题。

Wnt长期以来被认为是潜在的癌症药物靶点,目前有很多药物开发公司正在研发抗Wnt以及抗卷曲受体抗体的药物,但是苦于并不了解Wnt的结构,因此研发一直停滞不前。因此这项研究将帮助药物公司更好地去开发以Wnt为靶点的药物。(生物谷Bioon.com)

编译自:New Molecular Structure Offers First Picture of a Protein Family Vital to Human Health

编译者:T.Shen

doi:10.1126/science.1222879
PMC:
PMID:

Structural Basis of Wnt Recognition by Frizzled

Claudia Y. Janda1,2, Deepa Waghray1,2, Aron M. Levin1,2, Christoph Thomas1,2, K. Christopher Garcia1,2,*

Wnts are lipid-modified morphogens that play critical roles in development principally through engagement of Frizzled receptors. The 3.25 Å structure of Xenopus Wnt8 (XWnt8) in complex with mouse Frizzled-8 cysteine-rich domain (CRD) reveals an unusual two-domain Wnt structure, not obviously related to known protein folds, resembling a “hand” with “thumb” and “index” fingers extended to grasp the Fz8-CRD at two distinct binding sites. One site is dominated by a palmitoleic acid lipid group projecting from Serine 187 at the tip of Wnt’s thumb into a deep groove in the Fz8-CRD. In the second binding site, the conserved tip of Wnt’s "index finger" forms hydrophobic amino acid contacts with a depression on the opposite side of the Fz8-CRD. The conservation of amino acids in both interfaces appears to facilitate ligand-receptor cross-reactivity, which has important implications for understanding Wnt’s functional pleiotropy and for developing Wnt-based drugs for cancer and regenerative medicine.

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    2013-01-16 hongbochen
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    2012-06-11 sunylz
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    2012-06-11 jichang
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    2012-06-11 zhwj

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一项新的研究表明阿司匹林和其他类似的止痛药可能有助于防止皮肤癌。相关研究论文发表在Cancer杂志上。 以往研究表明服用非类固醇消炎药物或NSAIDs,其中包括阿司匹林、布洛芬、萘普生以及各种其他的非处方药和处方药,可以减少患某些类型癌症的风险。丹麦奥胡斯大学医院的研究证实这些药物可能会降低三个主要类型的皮肤癌的风险:基底细胞癌、鳞状细胞癌以及恶性黑色素瘤。 研究人员分析了从1991年到200

Chem Comun:蔡林涛等癌症诊断技术研究获突破

中国科学院深圳先进技术研究院生物医药与技术研究所(筹)蔡林涛研究员带领的医学研究小组近期在癌症诊断技术研究上再获突破性进展。 癌症的发展通常被认为是一个原发肿瘤不断转移的过程。肿瘤细胞的脱落、侵袭并进入血液循环是实现肿瘤转移的最初阶段。高灵敏的检测脱离了原发肿瘤而转移到身体其他部位的癌细胞(循环肿瘤细胞)可有效地应用于体外早期诊断、化疗药物的快速评估、个体化治疗、肿瘤复发的监测以及肿瘤新药的开发

JCI:顾建新研究组发现核糖体蛋白能够促进肝细胞癌的化疗耐药及生长

近日,由上海复旦大学顾建新教授所在的研究组发现,核糖体蛋白RACK1能够促进了肝细胞癌(HCC)的生长及化疗耐药。相关研究成果于6月1日发表在The Journal of Clinical Investigation上。 众所周知,翻译的起始与细胞周期进程及细胞生长相偶联,然而,过多的核糖体的合成及翻译起始通常都导致了肿瘤的转化及存活。 肝细胞癌(HCC)是世界上最常见的恶性癌症之一,对化疗药

Science:解释肿瘤生长的一个新的假说

抹掉整个基因簇的大规模基因变异在癌症中是常见的,尽管人们对它们是否实际上驱动着疾病的发展仍然不清楚。 近日,刊登在Science上的一项新的研究表明,这些被称作半合子局灶性缺失的突变确实会促进细胞的增生,因为其影响的基因组区域富集着肿瘤抑制性基因。人类的肿瘤充斥着重组、清除、放大或以其他方式破坏一系列基因的基因组改变。确定在这许多改变中有哪些在癌症中起着致病性的作用是一个重大的挑战。半合子局灶性

JCI:FoxO1基因破坏EGFR信号克服肿瘤耐药

众所周知过度活跃的表皮生长因子受体(EGFR)信号与癌症的发生发展有密切联系。目前,已经开发了一些治疗与表皮生长因子受体相关的癌症药物,然而许多患者已经出现了这些药物的耐受,因此这些药物治疗并不能取预期效果。 近日,一项最近的临床研究希望能进一步了解表皮生长因子受体在癌症中的作用,以便设计出更好的靶向表皮生长因子受体信号通路的药物,相关研究论文发表在Journal of Clinical Inv