Neurology:氨茶碱妙用——治疗硬脊膜穿刺后头痛

2018-05-04 易湛苗 环球医学网

流行病学资料显示,约10%~30%的患者在腰椎穿刺术后48 h内会出现硬脊膜穿刺后头痛(PDPH),且多数患者的头痛在站立或行走时加重,严重影响了患者的日常生活。

流行病学资料显示,约10%~30%的患者在腰椎穿刺术后48 h内会出现硬脊膜穿刺后头痛(PDPH),且多数患者的头痛在站立或行走时加重,严重影响了患者的日常生活。

目前用于PDPH的常见治疗包括补液、非甾体类抗炎药、咖啡因、舒马曲坦和硬膜外血斑(EBPs)。EBPs为许多患者提供有效、持久的缓解,但EBPs是一种侵入性技术,可能增加并发症的风险,包括硬膜外感染、短暂或持续的颈部或背部疼痛、神经根症状和脑膜刺激症状。因此,探索PDPH的更安全、耐受和有效的治疗方法显得尤为重要。2018年发表在《Neurology》的一项随机临床试验调查了静脉(IV)用氨茶碱治疗PDPH的有效性和安全性。

在该项研究中,研究人员将患者随机分配到IV 氨茶碱250mg或安慰剂组,两组的给药方式均为症状发作后3小时内给药,每天一次,共连续2天。首要终点指标为治疗后8小时的头痛严重程度。使用采自于患者站位的视觉模拟量评分量表(VAS)评分评估首要终点指标。研究人员还记录了治疗后VAS评分的改变、患者总体印象改变(PGIC)评分和不良事件。研究人员进行了意愿治疗分析。

研究共纳入来自于中国5个医疗中心的126例PDPH患者(氨茶碱组62例,安慰剂组64例)。患者中位年龄为37岁,96例(76.2%)为女性。

结果显示,与安慰剂组相比,氨茶碱组的患者治疗后8小时平均VAS评分显着更低(5.34 vs 2.98;p <0.001),更可能报告PGIC改善(39.1% vs 72.6%;p <0.01)。该治疗效果在时间点30分钟尤为明显,并持续2天。不良事件发生率无显着性差异(4.8% vs 1.6%;p  =0.589)。

作者认为,IV氨茶碱是PDPH患者一种有效和安全的早期治疗方法。IV给药途径可以通过快速达到治疗性血药浓度而增强氨茶碱的早期镇痛作用。但是PDPH通常出现在门诊患者中,其口服给药更可行。未来的研究应调查口服氨茶碱是否与静脉给药具有相同的效果。

IV氨茶碱可降低PDPH患者头痛严重程度,该研究提供了I类证据。

原始出处:
Wu C, Guan D, Ren M,et al.Aminophylline for treatment of postdural puncture headache: A randomized clinical trial.Neurology. 2018 Apr 24;90(17):e1523-e1529. doi: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000005351. 

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    2018-05-11 yinhl1978
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    2018-05-06 rgjl
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    2018-05-06 hbwxf
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    2018-05-04 sunfeifeiyang

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