Immunity:谷胱甘肽调节T细胞免疫力

2017-04-19 MedSci MedSci原创

这项研究揭示了谷胱甘肽如何调节T细胞免疫力的分子机制,为针对T细胞调节人机体免疫力和过免疫疾病提供了理论基础。

T细胞是机体免疫系统中重要的一环,起到对抗病毒细菌感染和监测杀死肿瘤细胞的功能。然而T细胞过多的激活也会造成各种过免疫疾病的发生,比如多发性硬化症和肠道炎症。T细胞一旦通过T细胞受体识别抗原并且激活,就会产生一系列的基因变化,调整自身的能量和代谢节奏,使之更快的激活,增殖和分化。在这一过程中,任何一部分的故障就会导致T细胞功能的异样。所以了解这一过程中细胞代谢产生了什么样的变化为针对T细胞激活开发各种治疗免疫疾病重要的课题。

在最新的Immunity杂志中,Tak W.Mak及其同事报道了他们的发现,谷胱甘肽具有促进T细胞激活,增殖和分化的功能,对维持T细胞免疫力有重要的作用。

研究组发现,通过T细胞受体激活T细胞后,T细胞内的线粒体会产生氧化自由基ROS,适当的ROS能够刺激T细胞激活和增殖,并且促进T细胞的代谢转化,使之更快的产生和代谢能量适应细胞快速增殖所需的原材料。然而过度的ROS会对细胞造成损害,因此细胞同时开始产生具有还原功能的谷胱甘肽来平衡氧化自由基ROS的产生,这一过程受谷胱肽合成酶(glutamate cysteine ligase, GCL)的直接调控。T细胞一旦激活,T细胞就开始转录表达谷胱肽合成酶。然而谷胱肽合成酶并不影响T细胞激活,因为在胱肽合成酶缺失的T细胞中,代表激活程度的CD69和CD44的表达不受影响。但是胱肽合成酶缺失的T细胞的增殖速度大大下降。

研究组接着发现,原来胱肽合成酶缺失的T细胞中,对T细胞增殖起重要作用的mTOR信号通路的激活大大下降。mTOR信号通路对细胞的能量代谢至关重要,胱肽合成酶缺失导致激活的T所需的糖酵解和谷氨酰胺代谢能力大大下降不能供应足够的能量ATP导致细胞增殖的缺陷。在小鼠体内,如果胱肽合成酶缺失的老鼠因为T细胞的增殖和功能缺陷,所以不容易发生模拟人类多发性硬化症的实验性自身免疫性脑脊髓炎(experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis),但是也因此在清除慢病毒感染上效率变慢。

这项研究揭示了谷胱甘肽如何调节T细胞免疫力的分子机制,为针对T细胞调节人机体免疫力和过免疫疾病提供了理论基础。

原始初始:
Tak W. Mak, Melanie Grusdat, Gordon S. Duncan et al. Glutathione Primes T Cell Metabolism for Inflammation. 2017, Immunity 46, 675–689April 18, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.immuni.2017.03.019

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    2017-04-20 cqykthl

    谷胱甘肽还有这个作用啊

    0

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