DIABETOLOGIA:常吃油炸食品,当心妊娠糖尿病

2014-10-10 狼医生 果壳网

热爱油炸食品,吃起来就停不了嘴?接下来会遭殃的不只是体重。最近发表在《糖尿病学》(Diabetologia)期刊上的一项研究显示,油炸食品与妊娠糖尿病的风险也有关联:怀孕前经常食用油炸食品的女性,她们在怀孕期间患妊娠糖尿病的风险较高。 妊娠糖尿病是一种在怀孕期间发生的疾病,如果没有积极治疗,它可以导致许多并发症,甚至造成胎死宫内。患妊娠糖尿病的女性在未来患上2型糖尿病的风险也会明

热爱油炸食品,吃起来就停不了嘴?接下来会遭殃的不只是体重。最近发表在《糖尿病学》(Diabetologia)期刊上的一项研究显示,油炸食品与妊娠糖尿病的风险也有关联:怀孕前经常食用油炸食品的女性,她们在怀孕期间患妊娠糖尿病的风险较高。


妊娠糖尿病是一种在怀孕期间发生的疾病,如果没有积极治疗,它可以导致许多并发症,甚至造成胎死宫内。患妊娠糖尿病的女性在未来患上2型糖尿病的风险也会明显增高。

近期,两项地中海地区的队列研究发现,频繁地摄入油炸食品与超重和肥胖存在密切联系。然而,目前还很少有流行病学研究关注油炸食品与其他健康问题之间的关系。而在这项最新的研究中,研究者们分析了孕前油炸食品摄入情况与随后妊娠糖尿病风险的关系。

该研究共纳入了15027名女性护士,对她们的21079次妊娠进行了分析。这些受试者每2年接受一次问卷调查,这些调查收集了她们的疾病以及生活习惯信息,比如吸烟状态、药物使用情况等等。自1991年以来,研究者还收集了受试者的饮食信息,包括在家或者在外的油炸食品摄入情况,并采用食品摄入频率调查表来进行记录。

关于油炸食品的摄入,受试者会被问到若干问题,例如“你多久在家或者在外吃一次油炸食品,比如炸薯条、炸鸡或炸鱼等?”。每个问题都有四种频率可供选择:少于每周1次,每周1~3次,每周4~6次,或者每天。研究人员分析了受试者在家以及在外分别摄入油炸食品的量,以及油炸食品的摄入总量。除此之外,他们也询问了受试者在家煎炸食品时使用哪种油脂,选项包括天然黄油、人造黄油、植物油、植物起酥油或者猪油。

在10年的随访中,研究者们共记录了847例出现妊娠糖尿病的妊娠。在校正了年龄、饮食及非饮食因素之后,进食油炸食品较多的女性显示出了更高的妊娠糖尿病风险。与每周吃油炸食品少于1次的女性相比,每周吃油炸食品1~3次、4~6次和大于7次的女性患妊娠糖尿病的风险分别是前者的1.13、1.31和2.18倍。也就是说,如果几乎每天吃油炸食品,患上妊娠糖尿病的风险会成倍增加。即使在校正了体重指数之后,这样的风险差异依然存在。

论文作者表示:“油炸食品带来健康危害的原因,可能与煎炸过程中产生的有害物质有关。油炸可通过氧化及氢化作用使油脂的化学成分发生变化,不饱和脂肪酸含量减少,同时反式脂肪酸含量增加。”

他们还补充到:“油炸还可以导致食物中晚期糖基化合物(advanced glycation end products ,AGEs)水平显著增加,这些物质是糖和蛋白质或糖和脂肪相互作用的衍生产物。近期研究发现,这些糖化产物可能导致胰岛素抵抗,胰岛细胞损伤,并与糖尿病的发生有关。这可能与这些物质促进氧化应激及炎症反应的作用有关。不仅如此,在饮食干预研究中还发现,低糖化产物饮食可以使胰岛素敏感性显著恢复。”

当进行亚组分析时,研究者还发现,在外面餐馆食用油炸食品的女性患妊娠糖尿病的风险要高于在家食用的女性。作者提到:“当反复使用时,油脂变质的风险会增加,而这种情况更可能在餐厅发生。这或许可以解释为什么在外进食煎炸食品的女性患妊娠糖尿病的风险更高。”

论文作者总结说:“我们在前瞻性的队列研究中观察到,频繁进食油炸食品会显著增加妊娠糖尿病的风险。我们的研究说明,限制油炸食品摄入可以使育龄女性获益。同时,我们仍需要进一步的研究来证实我们的观点,并且探索其中可能的机制。”

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    2015-06-05 ljjj1053

    好好学习学习

    0

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    2015-06-07 智智灵药
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    2014-10-16 imp_liusongfang5341

    很有帮助,饮食问题日益受到关注,真是并从口入。

    0

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