老年人“走走停停”,警惕下肢动脉硬化闭塞

2017-05-26 肖蓓 澎湃新闻

不少中老年朋友可能会碰上这样的情况:上了年纪,腿脚不灵活了,平时上街总是走不远,走一会儿小腿就会疼痛无力,必须找个地方坐着,休息三五分钟以后才能继续走路,小腿痛了又需要再休息下。如果出现这样的“走走停停”可要当心,这有可能是下肢动脉硬化闭塞症的征兆。上海交大医学院附属第九人民医院血管外科主任陆信武主任医师提醒,下肢动脉硬化闭塞症是血管外科的常见病,但很多人对此却知之甚少,一般都会认为自己腿疼是筋骨

不少中老年朋友可能会碰上这样的情况:上了年纪,腿脚不灵活了,平时上街总是走不远,走一会儿小腿就会疼痛无力,必须找个地方坐着,休息三五分钟以后才能继续走路,小腿痛了又需要再休息下。如果出现这样的“走走停停”可要当心,这有可能是下肢动脉硬化闭塞症的征兆。

上海交大医学院附属第九人民医院血管外科主任陆信武主任医师提醒,下肢动脉硬化闭塞症是血管外科的常见病,但很多人对此却知之甚少,一般都会认为自己腿疼是筋骨上的毛病,并不重视,等到出现严重下肢疼痛,甚至足部皮肤发黑时才去就医,往往耽误病情,延误了治疗。

这是什么病

陆信武说,动脉硬化闭塞症是一种常见病、多发病,一般是全身性疾病,好发于某些大、中型动脉,如腹主动脉下段、髂动脉、股动脉、小腿动脉等处。而下肢动脉硬化闭塞症是全身动脉硬化疾病在下肢的表现,如同是被阻塞的水管:动脉内膜增厚、钙化、继发血栓等造成管腔狭窄,甚至闭塞,没有足够的血液供应下肢,慢性缺血所引起的症状便一一出现。

这种疾病常见于50岁以上的中老年男性,而患有糖尿病高血压病、高脂血症,长期吸烟则会增加发病的可能性。

哪些症状须警惕

1.在发病早期,多数患者仅仅表现为怕冷,行走容易疲劳等不典型症状;

2.随着下肢动脉狭窄阻塞的程度不断增大,“走走停停”的症状就出现了,医学上称为“间歇性跛行”:步行一段距离后,小腿肚觉得酸痛、抽筋、无力,要被迫停下来休息一阵子才能继续行走。随着缺血的加重,患者行走后出现疼痛的距离会越来越短,而需要休息的时间则越来越长。

间歇性跛行是下肢动脉硬化闭塞症的特征性表现,往往与腰椎间盘突出所引起的疼痛混淆,但其实它们两者是有所不同。腰椎间盘突出症引起的疼痛往往是自大腿外侧向下的放射性疼痛,常常与腰痛一起出现;而下肢动脉硬化闭塞症的疼痛则主要发生在小腿肚,当发生位置高的闭塞时也会引起大腿疼痛麻木乏力。因此中老年朋友当出现“走走停停”的症状时应该提高警惕,及时到医院行正规检查,争取早期诊断及治疗。

3.随着病情进一步发展,患者在不活动时也会感到疼痛,这种休息时的疼痛也称为“静息痛”,常常发生夜间平躺时,疼痛在脚的前半分或足趾部分比较常见,是疾病严重的表现。这提示病变动脉已经不能满足下肢休息状态下的血供了,患者必须积极治疗,如果任由病情发展,下肢可能面临坏死。

4.在病情的发展中,患者的足部皮肤会发凉、变紫,大部分患者会出现两只脚温度不一致,有些患者会用热水泡脚,认为能够加速血液循环,却不知道高温使脚部血管扩张,组织氧耗增加,得不到足够的血供,病情反而加重。随着病情的进展,许多患者会发现稍微弄破的伤口都不容易愈合,甚至发生足趾发黑坏死,有些还会合并感染,部分患者最终将面临截肢,甚至危及生命。

药物还是手术治疗

经过检查和评估,血管外科医生会根据患者的情况制定治疗方案。

对于早期患者,应用一些扩张血管及抗血小板的药物治疗,配合适当步行锻炼可以使病情得到缓解。

对于需要手术治疗的患者,血管外科介入技术已经逐渐取代传统手术方式,介入治疗具有创伤小、恢复快、疗效确切、可重复操作等优点,使其成为治疗此病的首选方法。术后的患者仍需要服用药物,适当锻炼,控制高血压糖尿病等,戒烟并定期检查。

对于慢性完全堵塞性病变,尤其是长段动脉硬化闭塞的治疗,是血管外科的治疗难点。2003年,陆信武医生引进了内膜下血管成形术,在血管内长段完全堵塞的情况下,通过局部麻醉,微创介入方式将导丝从血管内膜下穿透,然后放置支架,开通堵塞的动脉。

曾一名93岁高龄的男性,右下肢间隙疼痛,一直没当回事,直到下肢动脉硬化闭塞越来越严重,来就医时第五个脚趾已经坏死。CT检查发现,他的右侧股沟动脉到腓动脉有25公分长完全闭塞,小腿胫前、胫后动脉也有18公分闭塞。陆信武为其实施了内膜下血管成形术,开通了股沟动脉,小腿胫后动脉、腓动脉全程扩张。手术当天晚上,患者的小腿就不疼了。术后复查动脉恢复得很好。

陆信武医生提醒,作为中老年群众,更应该时刻关注自己的身体健康,如果真的出现了“走走停停”,千万不要抱侥幸心理,及时上医院检查一下,尽早诊断和治疗,以免小病不看,大病吃苦。

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    2017-05-28 惠映实验室

    重视老年人疾病,

    0

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    2017-05-27 jaysppr

    感谢分享!!!!

    0

  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1952193, encodeId=280719521938c, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=839420169e5' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#下肢动脉#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=31, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=20169, encryptionId=839420169e5, topicName=下肢动脉)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=83a4244, createdName=swallow, createdTime=Mon Mar 19 09:37:00 CST 2018, time=2018-03-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=203368, encodeId=0aec2033689c, content=重视老年人疾病,, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=59, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/xkvRjYnJzzRJ2R0y7VhicibvkjPWHjIMmu4ZpKnE9cWAu4lVicS3uDUCfF4M4JWvrkrYfpb2KehPV0Ee29tPqyPEebBUibiaKhnvD/0, createdBy=f8412001184, createdName=惠映实验室, createdTime=Sun May 28 00:13:59 CST 2017, time=2017-05-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=203006, encodeId=0daa20300612, content=感谢分享!!!!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=53, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/PiajxSqBRaEIsrUxHnicsiaqwzJibCks60HOicbEAgbNzUiciboMJDzsWg16OHTeNHhyYvTg6TDXTlOx7icnhttCYYe2ujYt0yND7dYusOsibl9XnQCE/0, createdBy=7ad21722200, createdName=jaysppr, createdTime=Sat May 27 01:17:57 CST 2017, time=2017-05-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=202954, encodeId=dba6202954e2, content=感谢啦感谢分享一下!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=66, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mONcle9pic3zMoyicyo6ia9f4IuLQAwZoxD6Hx4ibd5CMcOCYhStY6oDibbKK6O2X8iaicldO5ib8j1iapOIobIKCGiczU2A/0, createdBy=56251941490, createdName=虈亣靌, createdTime=Fri May 26 23:57:06 CST 2017, time=2017-05-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=202939, encodeId=4dc320293950, content=好东西学习了!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=62, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=92191944782, createdName=thlabcde, createdTime=Fri May 26 23:28:24 CST 2017, time=2017-05-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=202916, encodeId=aa7820291665, content=陆信武医生提醒,作为中老年群众,更应该时刻关注自己的身体健康,如果真的出现了“走走停停”,千万不要抱侥幸心理,及时上医院检查一下,尽早诊断和治疗,以免小病不看,大病吃苦。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=64, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo7cJ6ejWUr2nIia8qOvAKNdLHr32Df6G8iaoaOx6pHaoiacwp26DaslxZHCGbibZhhCGven4rvmWP60GahtzgFjgCjR/0, createdBy=6b111703011, createdName=有备才能无患, createdTime=Fri May 26 22:45:28 CST 2017, time=2017-05-26, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-05-26 虈亣靌

    感谢啦感谢分享一下!

    0

  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1952193, encodeId=280719521938c, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=839420169e5' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#下肢动脉#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=31, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=20169, encryptionId=839420169e5, topicName=下肢动脉)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=83a4244, createdName=swallow, createdTime=Mon Mar 19 09:37:00 CST 2018, time=2018-03-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=203368, encodeId=0aec2033689c, content=重视老年人疾病,, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=59, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/xkvRjYnJzzRJ2R0y7VhicibvkjPWHjIMmu4ZpKnE9cWAu4lVicS3uDUCfF4M4JWvrkrYfpb2KehPV0Ee29tPqyPEebBUibiaKhnvD/0, createdBy=f8412001184, createdName=惠映实验室, createdTime=Sun May 28 00:13:59 CST 2017, time=2017-05-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=203006, encodeId=0daa20300612, content=感谢分享!!!!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=53, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/PiajxSqBRaEIsrUxHnicsiaqwzJibCks60HOicbEAgbNzUiciboMJDzsWg16OHTeNHhyYvTg6TDXTlOx7icnhttCYYe2ujYt0yND7dYusOsibl9XnQCE/0, createdBy=7ad21722200, createdName=jaysppr, createdTime=Sat May 27 01:17:57 CST 2017, time=2017-05-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=202954, encodeId=dba6202954e2, content=感谢啦感谢分享一下!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=66, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mONcle9pic3zMoyicyo6ia9f4IuLQAwZoxD6Hx4ibd5CMcOCYhStY6oDibbKK6O2X8iaicldO5ib8j1iapOIobIKCGiczU2A/0, createdBy=56251941490, createdName=虈亣靌, createdTime=Fri May 26 23:57:06 CST 2017, time=2017-05-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=202939, encodeId=4dc320293950, content=好东西学习了!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=62, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=92191944782, createdName=thlabcde, createdTime=Fri May 26 23:28:24 CST 2017, time=2017-05-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=202916, encodeId=aa7820291665, content=陆信武医生提醒,作为中老年群众,更应该时刻关注自己的身体健康,如果真的出现了“走走停停”,千万不要抱侥幸心理,及时上医院检查一下,尽早诊断和治疗,以免小病不看,大病吃苦。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=64, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo7cJ6ejWUr2nIia8qOvAKNdLHr32Df6G8iaoaOx6pHaoiacwp26DaslxZHCGbibZhhCGven4rvmWP60GahtzgFjgCjR/0, createdBy=6b111703011, createdName=有备才能无患, createdTime=Fri May 26 22:45:28 CST 2017, time=2017-05-26, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-05-26 thlabcde

    好东西学习了!

    0

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    2017-05-26 有备才能无患

    陆信武医生提醒,作为中老年群众,更应该时刻关注自己的身体健康,如果真的出现了“走走停停”,千万不要抱侥幸心理,及时上医院检查一下,尽早诊断和治疗,以免小病不看,大病吃苦。

    0

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