J Arthroplasty:全髋关节置换翻修采用组配式股骨柄效果良好

2014-12-08 第五十七回 丁香园

全髋关节置换(total hip arthroplasty,THA)翻修术中需要解决的主要问题包括:1、如何处理股骨近端骨缺损以及股骨远近端骨量丢失不同造成的不匹配;以及,2、如何降低翻修术后关节脱位的风险。 目前,对翻修THA中可能遇到的上述两个问题的解决方案之一是选用组配式股骨柄假体系统。其优点在于可根据股骨远近端骨量丢失的不同,以及关节周围软组织的情况灵活选择不同的假体组合模式。

全髋关节置换(total hip arthroplasty,THA)翻修术中需要解决的主要问题包括:1、如何处理股骨近端骨缺损以及股骨远近端骨量丢失不同造成的不匹配;以及,2、如何降低翻修术后关节脱位的风险。

目前,对翻修THA中可能遇到的上述两个问题的解决方案之一是选用组配式股骨柄假体系统。其优点在于可根据股骨远近端骨量丢失的不同,以及关节周围软组织的情况灵活选择不同的假体组合模式。

美国学者Stimac JD等最近在JOA上发表的一篇论文中介绍了他们采用组配式股骨假体柄系统进行翻修THA术后2年以上的随访结果。

该研究回顾性分析了作者所在医院从2004年至2010年之间采用组配式股骨假体柄系统的翻修THA病例。

这些病例的术后随访时间至少2年。研究内容包括HHS评分、术后关节脱位等并发症、是否需要再次翻修等。影像学资料包括术前、术后6周以及术后2年以上的末次X片。

以Paprosky分型系统判定术前股骨骨量丢失情况。以术后6周和末次随访X片测量假体柄-股骨干轴线夹角、假体下沉程度、骨溶解或假体松动征象。

此外,还测量双下肢不等长程度以及髋关节偏心距恢复情况。髋臼偏心距指从经耻骨连合的垂线到髋关节旋转中心的垂直距离;股骨偏心距是从髋关节旋转中心到股骨轴线之间的垂直距离;联合偏心距为上述两个偏心距之和。

所有手术由同一家三级医疗中心的8名医师经后方入路完成。术中操作技术一致。术后处理方案相同。

图1 影像学测量示意图


图2 组配式股骨柄假体系统实物图,A为锥形柄,B为柱形柄

结果

1、该医院于2004年至2010年之间共125例患者采用组配式股骨假体柄系统进行翻修THA。排除失访、退出研究以及术后随访不足2年的病例后共86例(男47例,女39例)纳入本研究;

2、股骨骨缺损分级包括:4%为Paprosky I型、19%为II型、59%为IIIA型、14%为IIIB型、4%为IV型;

3、HHS由术前平均51.4提高至术后平均85.7分;2例患者发生术后脱位并最终需要再次翻修;

4、43例对侧关节正常病例术后手术侧联合偏心距为151.3 ± 8.4 mm,其中髋臼偏心距和股骨偏心距分别为104.3 ± 8.4 mm和47.0 ± 8.3 mm。双下肢不等长程度平均0.97 mm,其中不等长大于10 mm者10例。

5、股骨柄下沉平均0.64 mm(范围:0~2.96 mm);平均股骨柄-股骨干轴线夹角为0.64°,其中46%为中立位,54%为轻度内翻位(97%的病例内翻小于3°)。

6、19%的病例出现透亮线,位于1,2,3,7区,无一例出现骨溶解征象,无假体肯定松动病例;所有股骨柄均表现出影像学骨长入征象。

7、共10例患者于术后平均6个月时需要再次手术,其中4例因为深部感染、2例因为关节脱位、4例因假体周围骨折;无因假体松动、假体断裂或假体下沉而需要再次翻修病例。

图3 以组配式股骨柄假体系统翻修的病例术前术后X片结果

通过上述研究,Stimac JD等学者认为使用组配式股骨柄假体系统进行翻修THA能有效处理股骨骨缺损、术中操作较为简单,且术后临床和影像学效果良好。

但该研究的缺点在于术后随访期限较短,且只探讨了单一种类的组配式股骨柄假体,因此其代表性相对有限。今后的研究需要对其予以进一步探讨。

原始出处:

Stimac JD, Boles J, Parkes N, Gonzalez Della Valle A, Boettner F, Westrich GH.Revision total hip arthroplasty with modular femoral stems.J Arthroplasty. 2014 Nov;29(11):2167-70. doi: 10.1016/j.arth.2014.06.015. Epub 2014 Jun 28.


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    2015-04-12 x35042875

    脊柱融合术中是否使用BMP后的骨不连的发生率无统计学差别

    0

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    2015-08-10 yxch48
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    2014-12-10 智智灵药
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