Lancet Neurol:抗GABAA受体脑炎常伴癫痫持续状态

2014-02-26 sunight 丁香园

越来越多的证据显示癫痫发作及癫痫持续状态可由免疫介导。该研究通过分析一类新的癫痫综合征系列临床表现,探索此类疾病的靶抗原及患者体内抗体对神经细胞的影响。 此为观察性研究,提取140例出现脑炎、癫痫发作或癫痫持续状态的患者血清及脑脊液标本,分析抗原特性及未明神经纤维抗原相关抗体。样本来源于2006年4月28日至2013年4月25日期间世界各国研究中心怀疑为自身免疫性脑炎的患者。以75例健康

越来越多的证据显示癫痫发作癫痫持续状态可由免疫介导。该研究通过分析一类新的癫痫综合征系列临床表现,探索此类疾病的靶抗原及患者体内抗体对神经细胞的影响。

此为观察性研究,提取140例出现脑炎、癫痫发作或癫痫持续状态的患者血清及脑脊液标本,分析抗原特性及未明神经纤维抗原相关抗体。样本来源于2006年4月28日至2013年4月25日期间世界各国研究中心怀疑为自身免疫性脑炎的患者。以75例健康对照者及416例不同神经系统病变患者作为对照。采用免疫沉淀、质谱分析、基于细胞的分析对样本进行研究,并用共聚焦显微镜观察抗体对培养的大鼠海马神经元的影响。

通过神经细胞膜免疫共沉淀发现两例先证患者血清出现GABAA受体序列。表达GABAA受体α1/β3亚基的HEK293细胞分析显示在6例患者的血清及脑脊液中出现高滴度GABAA受体抗体。6例患者平均年龄为22岁,5例为男性患者,均发展为难治性的癫痫持续状态或部分性癫痫持续状态,伴广泛的皮质及皮质下MRI异常信号,4例患者需要药物进行昏迷诱导。416例对照患者中,只有12例患者血清中出现低滴度的GABAA受体抗体,其中5例同时出现GAD-65抗体,健康对照者中则未出现。该12例患者年龄在2到74岁之间,平均年龄26.5岁,7例为男性患者,均表现出伴随自身免疫综合征的症状,6例患者出现脑炎伴癫痫发作,4例患者出现僵人综合征,2例患者有眼阵挛-肌阵挛综合征。总体治疗及预后,15例患者中,有12例对免疫治疗或症状性治疗有反应,3例患者出现死亡。患者的自身抗体选择性降低突触处的GABAA受体,但对树突处则没有影响,且不改变NMDA受体及桥蛋白。


图1:先证者116岁女孩颅脑MRI表现,图A、E为入院3天影像,左颞叶及额叶病灶;图B、F为入院10天影像;如C、G为4月后复查;图D、H为起病6月后,症状好转。

高滴度的血清及脑脊液GABAA受体与一种脑炎伴癫痫发作或难治性癫痫持续状态的重度临床症状相关。该类抗体选择性降低突触处的GABAA受体。此综合征常出现GABA相关症状及其他伴随的自身免疫综合征,其在一定程度上可较好治疗。

原始出处:
Petit-Pedrol M1, Armangue T2, Peng X3, Bataller L4, Cellucci T5, Davis R6, McCracken L6, Martinez-Hernandez E7, Mason WP8, Kruer MC9, Ritacco DG10, Grisold W11, Meaney BF12, Alcalá C4, Sillevis-Smitt P13, Titulaer MJ13, Balice-Gordon R3, Graus F1, Dalmau J14.Encephalitis with refractory seizures, status epilepticus, and antibodies to the GABAA receptor: a case series, characterisation of the antigen, and analysis of the effects of antibodies.Lancet Neurol. 2014 Mar;13(3):276-86. doi: 10.1016/S1474-4422(13)70299-0. Epub 2014 Jan 22.【原文下载】

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    2014-07-05 yinhl1978
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    2014-05-26 howi
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