CSMO 2014:EGFR抑制剂的新进展与新思路

2014-07-22 同济大学附属上海市肺科医院肿瘤科 周彩存 医学论坛网

在7月4日的第八届中国肿瘤内科大会上,同济大学附属上海市肺科医院肿瘤科的周彩存教授介绍了非小细胞肺癌表皮生长因子受体(EGFR)抑制剂:新进展与新思路。 肺癌,作为死亡率居世界首位的癌症,而其中大部分为非小细胞肺癌(Non-small cell lung cancer,NSCLC)。在过去的几十年中, 人们为改善晚期非小细胞治疗做出了许多努力并且在特定人群中,靶向治疗起着越来越重要的作用

在7月4日的第八届中国肿瘤内科大会上,同济大学附属上海市肺科医院肿瘤科的周彩存教授介绍了非小细胞肺癌表皮生长因子受体(EGFR)抑制剂:新进展与新思路。

肺癌,作为死亡率居世界首位的癌症,而其中大部分为非小细胞肺癌(Non-small cell lung cancer,NSCLC)。在过去的几十年中, 人们为改善晚期非小细胞治疗做出了许多努力并且在特定人群中,靶向治疗起着越来越重要的作用。 一些驱动基因如表皮生长因子受体(EGFR), ALK基因重排, ROS1, RET的易位, HER2 (也被叫做ERBB2), BRAF, PIK3CA 的突变在肺腺癌中陆续被发现, 与此同时FGFR1的扩增, DDR2的突变也在肺鳞癌中被报道 。

在这些可能可以治疗的靶点中, EGFR信号通路起着重要的作用。 靶向酪氨酸激酶的药物(TKI)诸如厄洛替尼和吉非替尼已经被证实一线和二线三线应用以及维持治疗均具有卓越的疗效。 与此同时, 由于TKI的应用非小细胞肺癌的2年和3年生存率正与日俱增。

随着TKI应用的,晚期非小细胞的治疗已经进入了一个个体化的时代。

表皮生长因子受体(EGFR)突变状态的识别是晚期非小细胞肺癌管理及治疗的基础。第一代及第二代表皮生长因子受体酪氨酸激酶抑制剂(EGFR-TKIs)在EGFR敏感突变的非小细胞肺癌患者都是标准一线治疗。并且,对于存在稀有突变的患者第二代EGFR-TKIs展示出了令人鼓舞的效果。EGFR的单克隆抗体疗法在鳞癌方面的有效性更显著。多种方法被研究用以克服获得性耐药。第三代EGFR-TKIs以及西妥昔单抗和阿法替尼的联合应用有助于对抗T790M突变。当EGFR-TKIs疗法失败时建议通过对原发灶或转移灶再活检取得的更细致的分子特征来指导进一步治疗。晚期非小细胞肺癌难获得肿瘤组织,通过应用游离DNA(cfDNA)来检测EGFR突变是方便可行的。更重要的是,血浆EGFR突变状态的动态改变有望成为监测肿瘤应答的一项生物学标记物,同时监测血浆EGFR T790M突变能够帮助优化新一代EGFR-TKIs的应用。

随着转化研究的进展,我们期待通过新的治疗方法将非小细胞肺癌从一个致命的疾病转变成慢性病。


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    2014-12-05 晓辰
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    2014-10-14 jklm09
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    2014-12-16 liuhuangbo
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    2014-07-24 liuyiping

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