Cell Reports︱汤富酬研究组与合作者绘制人类肾脏发育单细胞转录组图谱

2018-09-28 走在科学前沿 细胞

肾脏是人体最重要的内脏器官之一,对维持机体的酸碱平衡,调节水盐代谢,排泄代谢废物以及调节血压等方面都具有重要作用。过去几十年来基于小鼠模型的研究,已经相对完整地揭示了哺乳动物胚胎期肾脏的发育过程。然而由于小鼠和人类物种间差异的存在,长期以来对于人类胚胎期肾脏发育过程始终没有得到很好的说明,特别是关于肾脏发育过程中一些重要细胞类型的起源及其功能、以及参与完整肾单位发育成熟的分子调控机制等方面都亟待进

肾脏是人体最重要的内脏器官之一,对维持机体的酸碱平衡,调节水盐代谢,排泄代谢废物以及调节血压等方面都具有重要作用。过去几十年来基于小鼠模型的研究,已经相对完整地揭示了哺乳动物胚胎期肾脏的发育过程。然而由于小鼠和人类物种间差异的存在,长期以来对于人类胚胎期肾脏发育过程始终没有得到很好的说明,特别是关于肾脏发育过程中一些重要细胞类型的起源及其功能、以及参与完整肾单位发育成熟的分子调控机制等方面都亟待进一步的研究。同时来自临床的证据表明,胚胎期肾脏的发育异常以及先天性的肾脏疾病都会直接影响胎儿的存活以及后续生长发育。然而目前关于这类肾脏异常发育的分子机制仍然没有得到很好的阐释。

北京大学未来基因诊断高精尖创新中心、生命科学学院生物医学前沿创新中心汤富酬研究组与北京大学第三医院乔杰研究组合作在Cell Reports上在线发表了题为“Dissecting the global dynamic molecular profiles of human fetal kidney development by single-cell RNA sequencing”的研究论文。该研究对来自人类胚胎期7周到25周肾脏的3000多个单细胞进行了高精度的单细胞转录组测序分析。整个工作围绕肾脏发育过程中完整肾单位形成这一核心生物学事件,详细阐述了起始肾单位形成的前体细胞的异质性,分析了由肾单位前体细胞逐步分化产生不同类型的肾小管上皮细胞过程中对应的转录调控事件和信号通路调节机制。同时该研究也重点展现了目前已经鉴定的先天性肾病的候选致病基因在胚胎期肾脏中的表达特点。

该研究的主要发现有

(1)发现能够起始人类肾单位产生的帽状间质细胞存在两个亚群。已知帽状间质细胞是产生肾单位的主要前体细胞。该研究发现,从胚胎早期到晚期的发育过程中,帽状间质细胞存在两个亚群,其中一群(CM1)表现出和细胞自我更新相关的基因表达特性,而另一群(CM2)则表现出与肾脏上皮细胞发育相关的特征(图1)。这表明在胚胎早期,具有自我更新能力的帽状间质细胞亚群(CM1)维持了在肾单位发生过程中前体细胞的数量和功能,与此同时部分前体细胞(CM2)则开始进入分化状态并产生肾小管上皮细胞。这两个细胞亚群之间通过前体和分化细胞之间的动态平衡维持肾单位的不断产生。

(2)鉴定了调控人类肾小管上皮形成和分区的主要信号通路。在肾小管上皮形成过程中,小管分区形成近端小管、远端小管、以髓袢(Loop of Henle)等执行不同生理功能的上皮细胞结构。该研究重点分析了参与调控肾小管上皮形成以及分区的转录因子和信号通路, 发现PI3K信号通路参与调控了近端小管上皮细胞的发育,MAPK信号通路参与了髓袢上皮细胞的形成,而收集管上皮细胞的发育则受到WNT信号通路的调控(图2)。同时该研究也发现,人类胚胎期肾脏的代谢功能主要由近端小管和收集管上皮细胞来完成。

(3)发现在人类肾脏收集管发育过程中,AQP2阳性(AQP2+)的主细胞先于CA2阳性(CA2+)的闰细胞出现,说明CA2阳性的闰细胞很可能来源于AQP2阳性的主细胞的分化。收集管细胞主要由两种上皮细胞组成:主细胞(AQP2+)和闰细胞(CA2+),在小鼠肾脏中这两种细胞被证明由Hoxb7阳性(Hoxb7+)的前体细胞分化而来。该研究发现在胚胎期收集管中,随着HOXB7表达的下降,AQP2的表达上升而CA2的表达则没有出现明显的变化。同时基于免疫荧光标记的结果也发现,在胚胎第7周只检测到AQP2阳性的细胞,而到胚胎第10周时在肾脏组织中能够同时检测到AQP2单阳性以及AQP2/CA2双阳性的细胞(图3)。表明人类胚胎期肾脏收集管首先发育产生AQP2阳性的主细胞,同时在收集管的进一步发育过程中会产生AQP2/CA2双阳性的过渡态细胞,最后再产生CA2单阳性的闰细胞,揭示了肾脏收集管两类上皮细胞的发育过程。

(4)发现已知的先天性肾病的候选高危致病基因在肾脏发育过程中其表达具有很强的细胞类型特异性,如巴特综合征(Bartter syndrome)的候选高危致病基因的表达全部富集在肾脏远端小管中,范科尼肾小管综合征(Fanconi renotubular syndrome)的主要候选基因的表达富集在近端小管。同时该研究也发现大部分候选高危致病基因的表达都会在帽状间质细胞中富集,如多囊肾病(Polycystic kidney disease)、肾病综合症(Nephrotic syndrome)以及先天性肾萎缩(Renal Hypodysplasia/aplasia)等。这表明肾脏发育过程中前体细胞的异常对于先天性肾病的发生很可能具有重要影响(图4)。

该研究在单细胞尺度上揭示了人类胚胎期肾脏的发育过程,重点展现了帽状间质细胞的异质性组成对于维持完整肾单位形成的重要意义。同时对调控肾小管上皮发育的重要生物学事件进行了系统的分析,这些数据建立了一个全面的人类胚胎期肾脏发育的基因表达图谱,对于深入认识和理解人类肾脏的发育以及在先天性肾病的治疗方面都具有重要的参考意义。同时,该研究详细介绍了肾脏中不同类型细胞在发育过程中所受到的调控性作用,这对体外利用肾脏前体细胞诱导形成功能性的肾脏类器官具有重要的参考价值。

北京大学未来基因诊断高精尖创新中心博士生王萍,博士生陈依东为该论文的并列第一作者,汤富酬教授和乔杰教授为该论文的共同通讯作者。该项工作得到了国家自然科学基金委、科技部、未来基因诊断高精尖创新中心(ICG)、以及生命科学联合中心(CLS)的支持。

实验室研究领域:

具有自我更新能力和分化潜能的干细胞是哺乳动物胚胎发育过程中以及成体中的关键类型的细胞,对各种干细胞进行深入研究是理解哺乳动物发育、生长机制的关键,也是将干细胞应用于临床再生医学、治疗人类疾病的前提。

本实验室主要围绕人类早期胚胎发育研究多能干细胞的自我更新和多能性调控的分子机理,特别是表观遗传学调控机理,以及相关的早期生殖细胞发育过程中的表观遗传学重编程机理。利用我们发展的单细胞功能基因组学分析技术(单细胞转录组测序技术、单细胞DNA甲基化组测序技术、单细胞染色质状态组测序技术、单细胞多组学平行测序技术等),以及基因编辑技术、染色质免疫共沉淀-高通量测序技术、小鼠胚胎显微操作技术、以及人类胚胎干细胞体外定向分化等技术在单细胞和单碱基分辨率深入分析人类早期胚胎、生殖系细胞、以及多能性干细胞中基因表达网络的表观遗传学调控机理。

原始出处:
Wang P, Chen Y, Yong J,et al.Dissecting the Global Dynamic Molecular Profiles of Human Fetal Kidney Development by Single-Cell RNA Sequencing.Cell Rep. 2018 Sep 25;24(13):3554-3567.e3. doi: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.08.056.

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    2019-06-26 mjldent
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  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1870883, encodeId=9d2e18e088385, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=fd764459a8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Cell#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=30, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=4459, encryptionId=fd764459a8, topicName=Cell)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=524d95, createdName=zhaozhouchifen, createdTime=Tue Aug 06 00:41:00 CST 2019, time=2019-08-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1747328, encodeId=70c91e4732863, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=832e93345c3' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#转录#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=26, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=93345, encryptionId=832e93345c3, topicName=转录)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=58df35929710, createdName=mjldent, createdTime=Wed Jun 26 21:41:00 CST 2019, time=2019-06-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2042833, encodeId=773b20428339a, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=52f6933e2b8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#转录组图谱#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=35, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=93372, encryptionId=52f6933e2b8, topicName=转录组图谱)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=ed25376, createdName=gdsun, createdTime=Thu Apr 25 06:41:00 CST 2019, time=2019-04-25, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1961154, encodeId=c501196115455, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=dbe6445416' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#CEL#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=37, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=4454, encryptionId=dbe6445416, topicName=CEL)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c3ff68, createdName=维他命, createdTime=Sat Dec 29 05:41:00 CST 2018, time=2018-12-29, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1347330, encodeId=7d82134e3304a, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=88713e938c1' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#发育#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=32, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=37938, encryptionId=88713e938c1, topicName=发育)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=f4c124, createdName=neurowu, createdTime=Sun Sep 30 11:41:00 CST 2018, time=2018-09-30, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1420183, encodeId=e89414201839c, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=5f3a9336904' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#转录组#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=28, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=93369, encryptionId=5f3a9336904, topicName=转录组)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=2c9e3571203, createdName=marlenexl, createdTime=Sun Sep 30 11:41:00 CST 2018, time=2018-09-30, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-12-29 维他命
  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1870883, encodeId=9d2e18e088385, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=fd764459a8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Cell#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=30, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=4459, encryptionId=fd764459a8, topicName=Cell)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=524d95, createdName=zhaozhouchifen, createdTime=Tue Aug 06 00:41:00 CST 2019, time=2019-08-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1747328, encodeId=70c91e4732863, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=832e93345c3' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#转录#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=26, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=93345, encryptionId=832e93345c3, topicName=转录)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=58df35929710, createdName=mjldent, createdTime=Wed Jun 26 21:41:00 CST 2019, time=2019-06-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2042833, encodeId=773b20428339a, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=52f6933e2b8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#转录组图谱#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=35, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=93372, encryptionId=52f6933e2b8, topicName=转录组图谱)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=ed25376, createdName=gdsun, createdTime=Thu Apr 25 06:41:00 CST 2019, time=2019-04-25, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1961154, encodeId=c501196115455, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=dbe6445416' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#CEL#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=37, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=4454, encryptionId=dbe6445416, topicName=CEL)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c3ff68, createdName=维他命, createdTime=Sat Dec 29 05:41:00 CST 2018, time=2018-12-29, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1347330, encodeId=7d82134e3304a, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=88713e938c1' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#发育#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=32, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=37938, encryptionId=88713e938c1, topicName=发育)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=f4c124, createdName=neurowu, createdTime=Sun Sep 30 11:41:00 CST 2018, time=2018-09-30, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1420183, encodeId=e89414201839c, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=5f3a9336904' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#转录组#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=28, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=93369, encryptionId=5f3a9336904, topicName=转录组)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=2c9e3571203, createdName=marlenexl, createdTime=Sun Sep 30 11:41:00 CST 2018, time=2018-09-30, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-09-30 neurowu
  6. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1870883, encodeId=9d2e18e088385, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=fd764459a8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Cell#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=30, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=4459, encryptionId=fd764459a8, topicName=Cell)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=524d95, createdName=zhaozhouchifen, createdTime=Tue Aug 06 00:41:00 CST 2019, time=2019-08-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1747328, encodeId=70c91e4732863, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=832e93345c3' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#转录#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=26, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=93345, encryptionId=832e93345c3, topicName=转录)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=58df35929710, createdName=mjldent, createdTime=Wed Jun 26 21:41:00 CST 2019, time=2019-06-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2042833, encodeId=773b20428339a, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=52f6933e2b8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#转录组图谱#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=35, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=93372, encryptionId=52f6933e2b8, topicName=转录组图谱)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=ed25376, createdName=gdsun, createdTime=Thu Apr 25 06:41:00 CST 2019, time=2019-04-25, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1961154, encodeId=c501196115455, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=dbe6445416' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#CEL#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=37, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=4454, encryptionId=dbe6445416, topicName=CEL)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c3ff68, createdName=维他命, createdTime=Sat Dec 29 05:41:00 CST 2018, time=2018-12-29, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1347330, encodeId=7d82134e3304a, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=88713e938c1' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#发育#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=32, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=37938, encryptionId=88713e938c1, topicName=发育)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=f4c124, createdName=neurowu, createdTime=Sun Sep 30 11:41:00 CST 2018, time=2018-09-30, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1420183, encodeId=e89414201839c, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=5f3a9336904' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#转录组#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=28, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=93369, encryptionId=5f3a9336904, topicName=转录组)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=2c9e3571203, createdName=marlenexl, createdTime=Sun Sep 30 11:41:00 CST 2018, time=2018-09-30, status=1, ipAttribution=)]