王培安:如何避免农村贫困人口因病致贫因病返贫?

2017-03-15 佚名 光明网

王培安副主任强调, 2017年,国家卫生计生委将深入贯彻中央扶贫开发工作会议、全国卫生与健康大会精神,采取力度更大、针对性更强的政策举措,以兜底保障为重点,以分类救治为主要抓手,将健康扶贫落实到人、精准到病,切实解决贫困人口大病、慢性病治疗和保障问题,防止因病致贫、因病返贫。



党的十八大以来,党中央把脱贫攻坚摆到治国理政的突出位置,实施精准扶贫精准脱贫基本方略。明确要求到2020年我国现行标准下农村贫困人口实现脱贫,贫困县全部摘帽,解决区域性整体贫困。我国目前主要采取了哪些政策措施来保障贫困人口看得起病?这些保障政策措施落实情况如何?地方在这方面有哪些好的经验和做法?对此,记者采访了国家卫生和计划生育委员会副主任王培安。

王培安副主任介绍说,根据国务院扶贫办建档立卡数据,截至2015年,因病致贫、因病返贫贫困户共有838.5万户,占建档立卡贫困户总数的44.1%。目前,国家卫计委已经核实核准因病致贫、因病返贫贫困户中患病人数734万人,全面掌握农村贫困人口患病情况。从病种看,发病率前十的病种为心血管疾病、脑血管疾病、关节病、慢性阻塞性肺疾病、重性精神病、类风湿关节炎、糖尿病、恶性肿瘤、老年痴呆、老年性白内障,其中心血管疾病占22.8%,脑血管疾病占17.6%,是贫困人口中发病率最高的两个病种。“因病致贫、因病返贫是农村贫困人口致贫的主要原因之一。因此,实施健康扶贫工程,保障农村贫困人口享有基本医疗卫生服务,防止因病致贫因病返贫,对于打赢脱贫攻坚战意义重大。”

为进一步完善全面医保制度,2016年新农合人均财政补助标准达到420元,政策范围内门诊和住院费用报销比例稳定在50%和75%左右。大病保险人均筹资新增10元,中央财政安排医疗救助资金160亿元,大病保险和医疗救助制度防大病、兜底线作用进一步增强。在此基础上,健康扶贫通过实行倾斜性医保政策、精准支付政策、便民服务措施等,切实减轻贫困人口医疗费用负担,概括为“三覆盖、两倾斜、两加大、一窗口”。对此,王培安副主任解释说,“三覆盖”就是新农合、大病保险和重特大疾病医疗救助三项制度对农村贫困人口实现全覆盖。农村贫困人口参加新农合个人缴费部分按规定由财政给予补贴,新农合新增筹资加大对大病保险的支持力度,将农村贫困人口全部纳入重特大疾病医疗救助范围,确保农村贫困人口得到基本医疗保障,建立兜底保障机制。

“两倾斜”就是新农合、大病保险对农村贫困人口实行政策倾斜。率先在贫困地区全面实施门诊统筹,提高统筹层级和门诊报销水平,切实解决慢性病患者长期门诊治疗费用报销问题。提高新农合政策范围内住院费用报销比例,2016年提高5个百分点以上。完善大病保险政策,通过降低大病保险起付线、提高报销比例和封顶线等措施,进一步提高贫困人口医疗保障水平。

“两加大”就是加大商业健康保险和临时救助对健康扶贫的支持力度。鼓励商业保险机构开发健康扶贫相关的保险产品,推动贫困地区政府为农村贫困人口购买健康扶贫补充保险。对于突发重大疾病暂时无法得到家庭支持、导致基本生活陷入困境的患者,加大临时救助力度,并积极通过公益慈善组织等发动社会力量救助。

“一窗口”就是定点医疗机构设立综合服务窗口,实行贫困人口县域内住院治疗先诊疗后付费,基本医疗保险、大病保险、医疗救助等保障措施实行“一站式”信息对接和即时结算,贫困患者只需在出院时支付自负医疗费用。

在这方面,地方做了大量的探索和实践。目前,江西、安徽、山东、河南、四川等地结合实际,研究制定超常规举措,将农村贫困人口医疗费用实际报销比例提高到90%以上,实现兜底保障。例如,江西省农村贫困人口新农合报销不设起付线,大病保险起付线下降50%、补偿比例提高10%,以政府购买服务的方式为贫困人口购买大病补充保险,按照每人每年90元的统一筹资标准,由市、县财政按2:8比例出资。新农合目录内住院医疗费用,按现行新农合政策和新农合大病保险政策补偿后,剩余部分大病补充保险补偿90%,个人仅负担10%。

据统计,2016年全国农村贫困人口住院实际补偿比达到67.6%,74%的贫困县实现了农村贫困人口县域内先诊疗后付费,有效防止了因病致贫因病返贫。

脱贫攻坚“成败之举在于精准”,从目前实践来看,健康扶贫如何做到“精准”?王培安副主任告诉记者,只有底数清,情况明,才能做到精准施策。据悉,2016年国家卫计委组织对建档立卡农村贫困人口进行了全面的摸底调查,动员80万基层卫生计生人员逐户、逐人、逐病核实核准农村贫困人口患病情况,建立了健康扶贫管理数据库,为实施健康扶贫工程提供了有力的基础数据和决策支持。在此基础上,组织对大病和慢性病贫困患者进行分类救治,能够一次性治愈的,集中力量进行治疗;需要住院维持治疗的,由就近具备能力的医疗机构实施治疗;需要长期治疗和康复的,由基层医疗卫生机构在上级医疗机构指导下实施治疗和康复管理;2016年全国分类救治贫困患者200多万人。同时,我委在贵州、四川、山西、陕西、安徽、河南、江西和宁夏8省区启动大病集中救治工作试点,对食管癌、胃癌结肠癌、直肠癌、终末期肾病、儿童白血病和儿童先天性心脏病等大病患者进行集中救治,今年2月,这项工作已经在全国全面实施。

众多因病致贫返贫的案例,很多都是缺乏优质基层医疗资源导致“小病拖大、大病拖重”,对此,王培安副主任表示:“保基本、强基层、建机制是深化医药卫生体制改革的重心。”基层医疗卫生机构是基本医疗和公共卫生服务的重要载体,也是我国医疗卫生服务体系的薄弱环节。提高基层服务能力,是联结医改五项重点改革的重要纽带。强基层,就是要把工作的重心下移,把更多的财力、物力投向基层,把更多的人才、技术引向基层,切实增强基层的服务能力。一是编制实施《全民健康保障工程建设规划》,取消贫困地区县级和西部连片特困地区地市级配套资金。2016年,国家卫计委已支持包含贫困地区在内的县级医院建设项目400个、县级妇幼保健机构建设项目200个、县级疾控机构建设项目196个。二是协调安排全国889家三级医院对口帮扶所有贫困县的1149家县级医院,近万名城市三级医院医生在贫困县县级医院进行蹲点帮扶,帮助贫困县医院开展重点专科建设,开展门诊625万人次,开展手术11万台次。三是全科医生特岗计划、农村订单定向医学生免费培养等项目向贫困地区倾斜,继续加大住院医师规范化培训力度,招收名额较2015年增长8%。启动实施助理全科医生培训,支持中西部地区和东部贫困地区招收助理全科医生5000人,进一步解决贫困地区人才短缺、技术薄弱等问题。

最后,王培安副主任强调说, 2017年,国家卫生计生委将深入贯彻中央扶贫开发工作会议、全国卫生与健康大会精神,采取力度更大、针对性更强的政策举措,以兜底保障为重点,以分类救治为主要抓手,将健康扶贫落实到人、精准到病,切实解决贫困人口大病、慢性病治疗和保障问题,防止因病致贫、因病返贫。

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    2017-04-26 大爰

    健康生活是工作的根本!

    0

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    2017-03-17 daviiliu