JCO:溶瘤病毒T-VEC对晚期恶性黑色素瘤有持久的保护效应

2015-05-27 何嫱 生物通

一项具有里程碑意义的临床试验证实,一种遗传工程疱疹病毒可通过杀死癌细胞,激发免疫系统发挥作用来对抗肿瘤,抑制皮肤癌病情的发展。这是全球第一次,一项III期病毒免疫治疗试验明确显示让癌症患者获益。来自英国癌症研究所、皇家Marsden NHS基金会,和包括牛津大学在内全球64家研究中心的研究人员共同领导了这项试验。研究人员随机选择436名罹患侵袭性恶性黑色素瘤、无法接受手术治疗的患者接受了一种叫做T

一项具有里程碑意义的临床试验证实,一种遗传工程疱疹病毒可通过杀死癌细胞,激发免疫系统发挥作用来对抗肿瘤,抑制皮肤癌病情的发展。这是全球第一次,一项III期病毒免疫治疗试验明确显示让癌症患者获益。

来自英国癌症研究所、皇家Marsden NHS基金会,和包括牛津大学在内全球64家研究中心的研究人员共同领导了这项试验。

研究人员随机选择436名罹患侵袭性恶性黑色素瘤、无法接受手术治疗的患者接受了一种叫做Talimogene Laherparepvec(T-VEC)的病毒疗法,或是对照免疫疗法。

大约16.3%给予T-VEC的患者在超过6个月的时间里显示持久的治疗反应,相比之下给予对照治疗的患者只有2.1%显示持久治疗反应。

一些患者在过去3年的时间里显示治疗反应——肿瘤科医生通常以此来作为免疫治疗治愈的一个指标。

重要的是,在未到晚期的癌症患者(IIIB, IIIC, IVM1a期)和未接受过治疗的患者中,治疗反应最为显著——突显了T-VEC作为无法进行手术切除的转移性黑色素瘤一线治疗方法所具有的潜在利益。

163名接受T-VEC 治疗的III期和IV期初期阶段的黑色素瘤患者平均存活了41个月。相比之下,接受对照免疫治疗的66名较早期阶段的患者平均生存期为21.5个月。

这项试验获得了T-VEC制造商美国安进公司(Amgen)的资金资助,研究结果发布在《临床肿瘤学杂志》(Journal of Clinical Oncology)上。

T-VEC是一种改造的1型单纯疱疹病毒,其可以在癌细胞中繁殖,从内部炸开它们。研究人员对其进行遗传改造使之能够生成一种叫做GM-CSF的分子,后者可以刺激免疫系统攻击和摧毁肿瘤。

T-VEC是新一波在癌症试验中显示利益的病毒药物之一,并且现在成为了第一个在一项重要的随机III期对照试验中显示利益的药物。

研究人员改造这一病毒除去了两个关键基因ICP34.5和ICP47,因此它不会在健康细胞中复制。正常细胞会在T-VEC引起损伤之前检测并破坏它——但由于癌细胞的感染防御遭到了一些遗传错误的损害,T-VEC可以很容易地在癌细胞中进行复制。

试验的领导者、英国癌症研究所生物癌症治疗教授、皇家Marsden NHS基金会名誉顾问Kevin Harrington说:“越来越多的人对采用T-VEC一类的病毒疗法来治疗癌症感到兴奋不已,因为它们可以对肿瘤启动双管齐下的攻击——直接杀死癌细胞,以及刺激免疫系统来对抗它们。并且由于病毒疗法可以特异性靶向癌细胞,相比于传统的化疗或一些其他的新免疫疗法,它往往具有更少的副作用。”

“我们的研究表明,T-VEC可以为黑色素瘤患者提供显著、持久的利益。令人鼓舞的是,这一疗法对未到晚期的患者产生了如此明显的利益——一些进行中的研究正在评估它是否可以作为更具侵袭性及晚期黑色素瘤的一线疗法。”

英国癌症研究所首席执行官Paul Workman教授说:“我们通常将病毒视作是人类的敌人,但它们所具有的这种特异性感染和杀死人类细胞的很强的能力,使得它们成为了如此有前景癌症疗法。在这里我们利用了一个工程病毒来杀死癌细胞和刺激免疫反应。在一项III期实验中看到病毒疗法的潜力,真是令人感到兴奋。希望联合一些靶向性抗癌药物,这类疗法能够更加的有效,从而实现长期的疾病控制和治愈。”

原始出处:

Robert H.I. Andtbacka, Howard L. Kaufman et al.Talimogene Laherparepvec Improves Durable Response Rate in Patients With Advanced Melanoma.JCO, May 26, 2015. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2014.58.3377 

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    2016-01-06 sunylz
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    2016-04-23 lidong40
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    2015-08-14 guihongzh
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    2015-05-31 huaxipanxing

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    2015-05-27 lovetcm

    真正意义上的病毒药物,不像国内的太虚

    0

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