降糖技巧:餐前负荷营养疗法

2018-07-17 左天宇 解放军306医院 解放军第306医院

“餐前负荷法”出自《中国糖尿病医学营养治疗指南》,是近十年来提出并经过临床验证的医学营养治疗方法,旨在使肥胖、2型糖尿病、心血管疾病及恶性肿瘤等患者调整代谢以及优化临床结局。

“餐前负荷法”出自《中国糖尿病医学营养治疗指南》,是近十年来提出并经过临床验证的医学营养治疗方法,旨在使肥胖、2型糖尿病、心血管疾病及恶性肿瘤等患者调整代谢以及优化临床结局。

日常生活中,有不少通过调节饮食改善餐后血糖控制的方法,例如根据血糖生成指数(GI),选择低GI食物,比如全谷物和杂粮等。有一种通过改变进食顺序来控制餐后血糖的方法叫作餐前负荷(preload)法。餐前负荷有利于降低餐后血糖反应,对餐后血糖的改善有益。

“餐前负荷法”是医学上的专业叫法,源于欧洲十几年的营养治疗临床实践,它的另一个比较通俗易懂的叫法就是“预进餐”,实际上指的是在餐前30分钟食用符合“宏量营养素预负荷”要求的精准营养配比的食物(高蛋白质、缓释碳水化合物、膳食纤维以及低血糖生成指数的食物)。

餐前负荷的定义

在主要营养负荷餐前,摄入少量的宏量营养素(蛋白质、碳水化合物、脂肪),以诱导小肠释放肠肽,减缓胃排空,刺激胰岛素分泌。简单理解,餐前负荷就是说在我们吃正餐前,先吃少量东西来垫垫肚子,而先吃的这些东西应该是以蛋白质、脂肪、膳食纤维等不明显升血糖的营养素为主。

先吃下去的这些东西会帮助我们的消化系统提前进入工作状态,餐后血糖的调节也开始慢慢进行,所以当我们吃正餐后,血糖反应会相对平稳,也就达到控制餐后血糖反应的目的。餐前负荷已被多项研究证明对于血糖的控制是有积极作用的。有研究发现,吃早餐时,相比于同时吃面包牛奶,选择在吃面包前30分钟先喝一杯牛奶的进食方式能有效地降低餐后血糖反应,将牛奶换成豆浆也能达到同样的效果。

餐前负荷食物如何选择

餐前负荷的食物选择有一定的讲究,一般来说,选择的都是对血糖影响小的食物,比如富含蛋白质的食物、富含膳食纤维的食物,这些食物的GI值较低。因为在正餐前先摄入一定的食物会增加一餐的总能量摄入,所以在食物的选择上,低能量密度的食物更有利。食物的分量也需要注意,最好是将原本正餐中的食物分出来一些餐前吃,这样既达到了餐前负荷控制血糖的目的,也不会带来额外的能量摄入。餐前负荷的食物选择中,1杯无糖豆浆或牛奶、1小碗油煮菜或蔬菜沙拉、1小份水果或1小把坚果等都是很好的选择。

从餐前负荷法的定义来看,精确比例搭配的蛋白质、缓释碳水化合物、膳食纤维及低血糖指数的食物,是发挥负荷效果、降低餐后血糖的关键。

需要大家在餐前30分钟,仔细搭配食物,保证优质蛋白质和膳食纤维的摄入,将一日三餐精确地细化成一日六餐,也就是三顿正餐和三顿小餐。

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  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2056711, encodeId=e7b52056e1162, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=0935326e36c' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#前负荷#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=42, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=32673, encryptionId=0935326e36c, topicName=前负荷)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=524d95, createdName=zhaozhouchifen, createdTime=Tue Feb 19 10:37:00 CST 2019, time=2019-02-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=332280, encodeId=20103322803e, content=好文献学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=59, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=b5a62240667, createdName=张新亮1853311252142e2fm, createdTime=Tue Jul 17 20:02:27 CST 2018, time=2018-07-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=332271, encodeId=36c53322e1b6, content=学习了挺不错以后尝试下, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=50, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=f0d42388989, createdName=1232d1bem31暂无昵称, createdTime=Tue Jul 17 19:04:36 CST 2018, time=2018-07-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=332245, encodeId=e6c333224573, content=学习了受益匪浅, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=59, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/ajNVdqHZLLDicHg2ldsSNmib46PmdzpO7CQEmPjuULp1v45zPWwMYhrnXgvl3OtmUCZSQfgITWn96X9moL94nUGA/0, createdBy=28072041016, createdName=131****1460, createdTime=Tue Jul 17 14:09:03 CST 2018, time=2018-07-17, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-07-17 张新亮1853311252142e2fm

    好文献学习了

    0

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    2018-07-17 1232d1bem31暂无昵称

    学习了挺不错以后尝试下

    0

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    2018-07-17 131****1460

    学习了受益匪浅

    0