Nat Genet:重磅!科学家揭秘突变在转移性癌症中的关键角色

2016-07-11 佚名 生物谷

大约95%的癌症死亡率都是由癌症转移引起的,如今很多研究人员都将研究焦点转移到了寻找新方法来阻断或杀灭转移性癌细胞,近日一项刊登于国际杂志Nature Genetics上的研究论文中,来自哈佛-麻省理工学院的研究人员利用新一代的测序工具揭示了癌症转移发生的机制,尤其是针对子宫内膜癌;文章中研究人员对98份肿瘤活组织样本进行全外显子组测序,并且分析了癌症基因组图谱(The Cancer Genome


大约95%的癌症死亡率都是由癌症转移引起的,如今很多研究人员都将研究焦点转移到了寻找新方法来阻断或杀灭转移性癌细胞,近日一项刊登于国际杂志Nature Genetics上的研究论文中,来自哈佛-麻省理工学院的研究人员利用新一代的测序工具揭示了癌症转移发生的机制,尤其是针对子宫内膜癌;文章中研究人员对98份肿瘤活组织样本进行全外显子组测序,并且分析了癌症基因组图谱(The Cancer Genome Atlas)的相关数据,目的在于鉴别原发性肿瘤中反复发生的突变。

研究者William Gibson说道,通常我们很难获取成对儿的原发性和转移性肿瘤样本,然而对于子宫内膜癌的患者而言,在同一场手术中就可以将原发性肿瘤及腹部转移性肿瘤进行切除,这样一来我们就可以同时获得两种类型的肿瘤,此外由于子宫内膜癌是第二大常见的引发女性死亡的癌症,因此揭示子宫内膜癌的发生及转移机制显得尤为重要。

每当癌细胞获得新的突变,其就会将突变传递给所有的后代细胞,通过在每一种转移性肿瘤中寻找特殊突变,研究者就可以创建一种家族树来描绘癌症的进化历史,大多数的肿瘤细胞转移都来自于单一的原发性肿瘤亚群体细胞,当研究者观察描述每一种肿瘤历史的家族树时,他们发现,癌症的转移明显倾向于在家族树的分支上形成聚集。

在模型研究中,转移细胞自身会不断播种,研究者认为,发生转移的癌细胞实际上并不是单独作战,同时研究者还希望在其它类型的肿瘤中可以复制上述发现。Gibson及其同事对子宫内膜癌中发生突变的新型驱动基因进行了深入研究,他们在DNA修复发生改变的肿瘤中检测了特殊的突变,这样一来他们就发现了特定的复发性基因突变,其中一种最频繁的突变基因就是NRIP1,该基因主要介导雌激素受体通路;目前研究者并不清楚NRIP1基因的突变是否会揭示一种治疗上的脆弱性。

研究者发现,特定的常见驱动基因突变实际上会在癌症进化晚些时候发生,通过对来自相同个体机体的多个活组织样本进行测序,他们就可以评估驱动基因中发生的突变是否可以在所有活组织样本中被检测到。比如类似于表观修饰子ARID1A,其在某些活组织样本中可以频繁被检测到。此外本文研究还表明,并不太可能有任何特殊转移性的驱动基因会在主要的癌症转移突变中产生复发性的突变,此前研究者们就认为,癌症转移或许需要获得一定的特性来帮助其完成参与癌细胞转移等复杂的过程。

最后Gibson说道,基于当前研究,我们希望后期可以设计出特殊的药物来阻断癌症的转移,当然,本文的研究结果或许也可以帮助我们有效治疗癌症转移,以及开发出最佳的策略来靶向作用肿瘤中所有细胞的遗传特性。

原始出处

William J Gibson, Erling A Hoivik, Mari K Halle, Amaro Taylor-Weiner.et.al.The genomic landscape and evolution of endometrial carcinoma progression and abdominopelvic metastasis.Nat Genet.2016

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    2016-07-17 liye789132251
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    2016-12-06 canlab
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    2017-06-24 cy0324
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