重磅!我国科学家发现海洛因成瘾可改变大脑皮层可塑性

2016-06-19 佚名 生物谷

6.26 国际禁毒日又要到了,我们都知道毒品成瘾难以戒除。成瘾的过程被认为是毒品“绑架”了大脑内正常奖赏活动区域(如多巴胺释放)以对成瘾行为进行强化,如同“黑暗学习”。可塑性(大脑结构与功能变化的能力)被认为是大脑对外界环境刺激做出学习性变化的基础,在过去的几十年内已有数百篇文献报道了成瘾药物使用在大脑的边缘系统和奖赏中枢会诱导可塑性变化,而通过深层脑刺激及非侵入性脑刺激等不同手段可以在一定程度上

6.26 国际禁毒日又要到了,我们都知道毒品成瘾难以戒除。成瘾的过程被认为是毒品“绑架”了大脑内正常奖赏活动区域(如多巴胺释放)以对成瘾行为进行强化,如同“黑暗学习”。可塑性(大脑结构与功能变化的能力)被认为是大脑对外界环境刺激做出学习性变化的基础,在过去的几十年内已有数百篇文献报道了成瘾药物使用在大脑的边缘系统和奖赏中枢会诱导可塑性变化,而通过深层脑刺激及非侵入性脑刺激等不同手段可以在一定程度上对成瘾行为及渴求度产生抑制。

经颅磁刺激技术是一种绿色安全无侵入性的大脑功能调控技术,是利用磁场去激活大脑的相应区域,从而对患者产生一定的治疗效果。在国际上,经颅磁刺激技术已被广泛的应用于脑损伤好康复,失眠,以及一些精神疾病的治疗。国际上已经开展了利用经颅磁刺激技术进行毒瘾戒除的研究,并发现可以磁刺激可以降低成瘾者对可卡因/海洛因的成瘾渴求。

经颅磁刺激技术除了可以用于治疗疾病外,还可以对大脑皮层的兴奋性等功能进行测量。当经颅磁刺激技术与脑电/肌电/功能磁共振等技术联用时,便可以特定地测量某皮层区域的兴奋性改变。以往的研究发现,成瘾者可能出现大脑皮层兴奋性降低等改变,其机制可能伴随了皮层内兴奋/抑制回路的不平衡。

近日,南京师范大学心理学院等单位的研究人员结合经颅磁刺激技术与运动皮层肌肉诱发电位记录,研究了海洛因成瘾者运动皮层的可塑性变化,该论文发表在耶鲁大学主办的精神病学领域顶尖期刊Biological Psychiatry上(影响因子11.212)。该研究是世界上首次对成瘾患者皮层可塑性进行探索。

该研究首先严格选择海洛因成瘾者进行入组:单独使用海洛因而没有混合使用新型毒品,吸毒至少三年以上并出现连续吸毒期,每次使用海洛因有较大剂量和较高的依赖性,未接受药物治疗戒毒,表现出一定的复吸欲望和生理渴求。

当研究者在磁刺激运动皮层时,在大拇指展肌上记录相关的运动诱发电位。利用10赫兹兴奋性频率刺激,运动皮层的兴奋性及相关神经连接会出现增强的可塑性,而海洛因成瘾患者中该可塑性则大大减弱(如下图)。

图1

图2

南京师范大学心理学院,江苏省人民医院康复科,南京大连山戒毒所,和上海中医药大学康复医学院合作起来完成了本次研究。通讯作者为南京师范大学心理学院袁逖飞教授。

袁逖飞教授谈到,“成瘾的一些理论研究指出运动系统可能在成瘾的最终阶段出现改变,本研究为这些理论提供了实证支持。我们正在开展系统的机制性的研究,尝试通过动物电生理实验来阐明成瘾改变皮层可塑性的机制。”

原始出处

Ying Shen1,, Xinyu Cao1, Chunlei Shan1, Wenjun Dai, Ti-Fei Yuan.Heroin Addiction Impairs Human Cortical Plasticity.Biological Psychiatry.2016

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    2016-10-12 ylzr123

    拜读了,受益匪浅,点个赞!

    0

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  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1802329, encodeId=65b618023297b, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=acfae485578' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#科学家发现#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=30, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=74855, encryptionId=acfae485578, topicName=科学家发现)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=e572480, createdName=旅苦化文_208, createdTime=Thu May 18 20:16:00 CST 2017, time=2017-05-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=146874, encodeId=46c71468e46b, content=拜读了,受益匪浅,点个赞!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=59, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo7s7ZCKOmmbBTD6nE7gcd5OZpvyGEzkxBP3S275k5ZJVrsPkotZhBglRHM9rKvcj1OgkssqhcnoPw8zIaMZTF8c/0, createdBy=4c441942088, createdName=ylzr123, createdTime=Wed Oct 12 16:03:36 CST 2016, time=2016-10-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1523496, encodeId=39a21523496f7, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=510865640d9' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#海洛因#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=32, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=65640, encryptionId=510865640d9, topicName=海洛因)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=27e211527640, createdName=xuqianhua, createdTime=Tue Jun 21 06:16:00 CST 2016, time=2016-06-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1548850, encodeId=dade154885094, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=f7879600061' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#重磅#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=24, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=96000, encryptionId=f7879600061, topicName=重磅)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=3acc14121561, createdName=xxxx1054, createdTime=Tue Jun 21 06:16:00 CST 2016, time=2016-06-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1601104, encodeId=cb9116011047b, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=95dc4394037' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#大脑皮层#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=27, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=43940, encryptionId=95dc4394037, topicName=大脑皮层)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=a12645, createdName=智慧医人, createdTime=Tue Jun 21 06:16:00 CST 2016, time=2016-06-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=90585, encodeId=d6c090585da, content=这个厉害, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=115, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=7cde98330, createdName=milkshark, createdTime=Mon Jun 20 06:45:00 CST 2016, time=2016-06-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=90586, encodeId=94ac9058650, content=的确这样, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=112, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=7cde98330, createdName=milkshark, createdTime=Mon Jun 20 06:45:00 CST 2016, time=2016-06-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=90552, encodeId=7bb79055264, content=各种的神经行为都具有可塑性。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=127, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/PiajxSqBRaELaQBNibpuZ0aRbWKgR0puf0vibBuZ7gIkKCXEqibYyJXVhsnibpCuhlqHGWRyvHMdFwm4UXjcpPUFLkw/0, createdBy=2f0f1714785, createdName=wxsession8b50a880, createdTime=Sun Jun 19 18:52:00 CST 2016, time=2016-06-19, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-06-21 xxxx1054
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    2016-06-20 milkshark

    这个厉害

    0

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    2016-06-20 milkshark

    的确这样

    0

  8. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1802329, encodeId=65b618023297b, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=acfae485578' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#科学家发现#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=30, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=74855, encryptionId=acfae485578, topicName=科学家发现)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=e572480, createdName=旅苦化文_208, createdTime=Thu May 18 20:16:00 CST 2017, time=2017-05-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=146874, encodeId=46c71468e46b, content=拜读了,受益匪浅,点个赞!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=59, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo7s7ZCKOmmbBTD6nE7gcd5OZpvyGEzkxBP3S275k5ZJVrsPkotZhBglRHM9rKvcj1OgkssqhcnoPw8zIaMZTF8c/0, createdBy=4c441942088, createdName=ylzr123, createdTime=Wed Oct 12 16:03:36 CST 2016, time=2016-10-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1523496, encodeId=39a21523496f7, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=510865640d9' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#海洛因#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=32, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=65640, encryptionId=510865640d9, topicName=海洛因)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=27e211527640, createdName=xuqianhua, createdTime=Tue Jun 21 06:16:00 CST 2016, time=2016-06-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1548850, encodeId=dade154885094, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=f7879600061' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#重磅#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=24, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=96000, encryptionId=f7879600061, topicName=重磅)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=3acc14121561, createdName=xxxx1054, createdTime=Tue Jun 21 06:16:00 CST 2016, time=2016-06-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1601104, encodeId=cb9116011047b, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=95dc4394037' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#大脑皮层#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=27, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=43940, encryptionId=95dc4394037, topicName=大脑皮层)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=a12645, createdName=智慧医人, createdTime=Tue Jun 21 06:16:00 CST 2016, time=2016-06-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=90585, encodeId=d6c090585da, content=这个厉害, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=115, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=7cde98330, createdName=milkshark, createdTime=Mon Jun 20 06:45:00 CST 2016, time=2016-06-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=90586, encodeId=94ac9058650, content=的确这样, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=112, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=7cde98330, createdName=milkshark, createdTime=Mon Jun 20 06:45:00 CST 2016, time=2016-06-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=90552, encodeId=7bb79055264, content=各种的神经行为都具有可塑性。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=127, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/PiajxSqBRaELaQBNibpuZ0aRbWKgR0puf0vibBuZ7gIkKCXEqibYyJXVhsnibpCuhlqHGWRyvHMdFwm4UXjcpPUFLkw/0, createdBy=2f0f1714785, createdName=wxsession8b50a880, createdTime=Sun Jun 19 18:52:00 CST 2016, time=2016-06-19, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-06-19 wxsession8b50a880

    各种的神经行为都具有可塑性。

    0

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