Clin Infect Dis:指尖采血法可有效检测HIV病毒载量

2013-05-06 陈郁婷 网络

人类免疫缺陷病毒1型(HIV-1)RNA水平(病毒载量[VL]),被认为是度量抗逆转录病毒治疗(ART)疗效的指标。但是,迄今为止,对于人口HIV RNA水平的报道只局限于发达国家的城市地区,如温哥华、旧金山和华盛顿等,而忽略了像撒哈拉以南的非洲地区这样生活着超过2300万HIV感染者的地区。此外,检测HIV RNA水平的高成本也在很大程度上限制其广泛应用。针对上述情况,来自加利福利亚大学旧金山分

人类免疫缺陷病毒1型(HIV-1)RNA水平(病毒载量[VL]),被认为是度量抗逆转录病毒治疗(ART)疗效的指标。但是,迄今为止,对于人口HIV RNA水平的报道只局限于发达国家的城市地区,如温哥华、旧金山和华盛顿等,而忽略了像撒哈拉以南的非洲地区这样生活着超过2300万HIV感染者的地区。此外,检测HIV RNA水平的高成本也在很大程度上限制其广泛应用。针对上述情况,来自加利福利亚大学旧金山分校旧金山总医院HIV/AIDS部门的医学博士Vivek Jain等人展开一项研究,研究结果在线发表在2012年12月12日的《临床感染性疾病》(Clincal Infectious Diseases)杂志上。研究人员发现,采用一种基于指尖采血的HIV RNA检测方法,能够有效地检测基于人群的HIV RNA水平。

该研究在实行ART扩大使用的乌干达农村社区使用基于指尖采血的方法,检测了基于人群的HIV RNA水平。研究人员根据标准的采血方法,确证了指尖采血的HIV RNA检测技术的效果。在一个人口为6300人的社区,应用该技术开展了一项为期5天的全社区健康活动。通过指尖采血法进行检测的项目包括:快速HIV抗体检测、病毒载量以及CD4+细胞计数。研究人员估算了人群的HIV RNA水平和无法检测到RNA(即RNA检测为阴性)的状况,采用线性回归对预测因素VL进行了评估,并在社区这个地理单位范围内绘制反映RNA水平的地图。

研究结果如下,在全社区健康活动期间,发现2282例成年人中的179例(7.8%)以及1826例儿童中的10例(0.5%)检测结果为HIV血清反应阳性。189例HIV血清反应阳性患者中的174例(92%),能够根据指尖采血法得到的VL值得到相同的判断。VL的对数(log)平均值为3.67 log,(95%置信区间[CI],3.50-3.83 log copies/mL),VL的中位数为2720 copies/mL(四分位数间距,<486-38 120 copies/mL),另外,VL的算术平均值为64 064 copies/mL。总的来说,174例成年人中有64例无法检测到RNA(37%,[95% CI,30%-40%]),24%的VL值在486-10 000 copied/mL之间;25%的VL值在10 001-100 000 copied/mL之间;还有15%的VL值大于100 000 copied/mL。那些使用ART的参试者有83%无法检测到VL。

研究人员开发并应用了指尖采血的VL检测方法,首次报道了非洲人群的HIV RNA水平。在开展ART扩大使用的乌干达农村社区,发现了人口水平ART疗效的证据,但是,也发现了大量人口表现出病毒血症而且缺少ART治疗,具有传播HIV的风险。对于那资源有限无法为在治疗期间为HIV患者提供常规VL检测的地区,这项研究或许为检测ART扩大使用的疗效提供了潜在的手段,同时也有助于在全世界HIV感染最严重的地区进一步了解HIV的流行病学和传播动力学特征。

HIV相关的拓展阅读:


Assessment of population-based HIV RNA levels in a rural east African setting using a fingerprick-based blood collection method.
BACKGROUND
Population-based human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) RNA levels (viral load [VL]) are proposed metrics for antiretroviral therapy (ART) program effectiveness. We estimated population-based HIV RNA levels using a fingerprick-based approach in a rural Ugandan community implementing rapid ART scale-up.
METHODS
A fingerprick-based HIV RNA measurement technique was validated against standard phlebotomy. This technique was deployed during a 5-day community-wide health campaign in a 6300-person community. Assessments included rapid HIV antibody testing, VL, and CD4+ T-cell count via fingerprick. We estimated population HIV RNA levels and the prevalence of undetectable RNA, assessed predictors of VL via linear regression, and mapped RNA levels within community geographic units.
RESULTS
During the community-wide health campaign, 179 of 2282 adults (7.8%) and 10 of 1826 children (0.5%) tested seropositive for HIV. Fingerprick VL was determined in 174 of 189 HIV-positive persons (92%). The mean log(VL) was 3.67 log (95% confidence interval [CI], 3.50-3.83 log copies/mL), median VL was 2720 copies/mL (interquartile range, <486-38 120 copies/mL), and arithmetic mean VL was 64 064 copies/mL. Overall, 64 of 174 of individuals had undetectable RNA (37% [95% CI, 30%-44%]), 24% had VL 486-10 000; 25% had VL 10 001-100 000; and 15% had VL>100 000 copies/mL. Among participants taking ART, 83% had undetectable VL.
CONCLUSIONS
We developed and implemented a fingerprick VL testing method and provide the first report of population HIV RNA levels in Africa. In a rural Ugandan community experiencing ART scale-up, we found evidence of population-level ART effectiveness, but found a substantial population to be viremic, in need of ART, and at risk for transmission.

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