肺大泡、肺气肿、肺气囊、囊肿、空洞,CT如何鉴别?

2019-09-04 孙丹雄 小小医生趣读CT

肺大泡、肺气肿、肺气囊、肺囊肿、肺空洞,经常容易混淆。我看过别人写的文章,一堆文字,看不懂!今天呕心沥血,整理一下思路,努力把这个问题讲明白。

肺大泡、肺气肿、肺气囊、肺囊肿、肺空洞,经常容易混淆。我看过别人写的文章,一堆文字,看不懂!今天呕心沥血,整理一下思路,努力把这个问题讲明白。

肺大泡还是肺大疱?

不用纠结了!权威答案:纠结这个问题,没有意义。内科学第九版,120页:肺大疱。病案系统出院诊断,只有肺大泡选项。



肺气肿

肺气肿需要掌握,因为肺气肿是一个独立的病理状态,而肺气囊就像空洞不是一个独立的疾病,只是单纯的CT术语。





肺大泡

肺大泡本质上是肺气肿!肺气肿达到1 cm以上,就是肺大泡。



蜂窝

蜂窝是一个CT术语,不是一个独立的疾病或者病理状态。

CT术语肺囊肿

CT术语肺囊肿,不是我们平时说的“肺囊肿”这个疾病。



CT术语肺囊肿,是一个广泛的含气囊腔病变。既然是囊肿,那么一般就有壁,并且不厚。

CT术语肺囊肿后面是一大堆疾病。

肺气囊



肺部感染引起的含气囊腔,就是肺气囊,肺部感染好转,肺气囊就萎缩消失掉。

肺大泡、CT术语肺囊肿、肺气囊如何鉴别?



不能很准确地鉴别!要综合临床资料来分析。

比如,一个病人,肺部感染,肺部有多个含气的囊腔。

假如这个病人以前体检过,有肺大泡,CT发现和以前相同,就是肺大泡。假如新出现的,就可能是肺气囊。

假如这个患者没有体检过,暂时叫它肺气囊,肺部感染好转,囊腔消失,就是气囊;囊腔稳如泰山,那就是肺大泡。

假如肺部感染好转,囊腔不消失掉,后来做了手术,病理是肺囊肿,那就是肺囊肿,不是肺大泡。

假如肺部感染好转,囊腔不玩消失,有肺气肿,那么这个大的囊腔很可能是肺大泡。肺大泡常合并肺气肿。

假如肺部感染好转,很久以后囊腔不玩消失,后来出现气胸,则很可能是肺大泡。因为自发性气胸,肺大泡破裂更常见。

CT上如何鉴别

虽然不好鉴别,还是要尽量鉴别。







空洞

空洞一般很简单,壁厚。特殊薄壁空洞,很难鉴别。



结语

肺大泡、肺气囊、CT术语肺囊肿,有时候不容易鉴别,文字的东西很难理解,只有多看CT图片。

肺大泡,有时候不简单!

肺癌、淋巴管平滑肌瘤病、淋巴细胞性间质性肺炎、肺囊肿等等一大堆疾病,有时候会误诊为肺大泡,要多看CT。

相关鉴别如下:

肺弥漫性囊性病变:你看到的肺大泡,不一定是肺大泡

影像学:这不是肺大泡,这是囊性肺癌

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    2019-09-04 qingfengqishi5

    学习了,学习了

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相关资讯

这竟然不是简单的“肺大泡”,可能是“囊性肺癌”!

以前遇到一个患者,CT显示肺上一个很小的、类似“气泡”的不明来历的结构,我们觉得没什么,定期随访即可,但是为了以防万一,还是告诉患者家属,有手术切除的必要时,虽然必要性不是很大。

肺气肿、肺大泡、肺气囊不一样!

肺气肿是指呼吸细支气管以远的末梢肺组织因残气量增多而呈持久性扩张,并伴有肺泡间隔破坏,以致肺组织弹性减弱,容积增大的一种病理状态。按发病原因可分为老年性肺气肿、代偿性肺气肿、全小叶型肺气肿、小叶中央型肺气肿、小叶间隔旁型肺气肿、疤痕旁型或不规则型肺气肿等。