PLOS Medicine:提高社会心理支持,能帮助患者长寿?

2021-05-20 K.K MedSci原创

通过小组会议或家庭会议,培养患者锻炼的动力,鼓励患者完成治疗,随着时间的推移,生存的概率增加了29%。

1989年,研究人员发现,社会心理支持可能不仅提高患者的生活质量、而且提高患者的生存率。

5月18日,美国犹他州普罗沃杨百翰大学的研究人员发表在《 PLOS Medicine》上的研究发现,为病人提供社会支持可能会使得生存机会增加。

 

Smith TB, Workman C, Andrews C, Barton B, Cook M, Layton R, et al. (2021) Effects of psychosocial support interventions on survival in inpatient and outpatient healthcare settings: A meta-analysis of 106 randomized controlled trials.PLoS Med18(5): e1003595.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1003595

杨百翰大学心理学教授Julianne Holt-Lunstad说,有充分的证据表明在治疗中,应该解决社会需求。因为临床治疗中加入社会支持的干预治疗,可以帮助病人减少痛苦,改善他们的生存状况。

本文分析了106项随机对照试验数据,共涉及40280名参与者,他们的平均年龄为57.2岁,52%为女性、48%为男性。这项荟萃分析研究了不同类型的社会心理支持在多大程度上提高了接受治疗或康复护理的患者生存率。通过小组会议或家庭会议,培养患者锻炼的动力,鼓励患者完成治疗,随着时间的推移,生存的概率增加了29%。

在所有的研究中,有81项(76%)涉及门诊病人,20项(19%)涉及住院病人,5项(5%)两项病人同时涉及。根据疾病类型的不同,有44项研究(42%)的患者患有心血管疾病,38项研究(36%)的患者患有癌症,24项研究(22%)的患者患有其他疾病。在治疗结果上,共有102项(96%)研究报告了患者的全因死亡率,其中2项报告了心血管疾病死亡率,1项报告了癌症死亡率,1项报告了HIV相关死亡率。

根据生存类型划分研究特征

有34项(32%)研究提供了社会心理行为支持,72项(68%)研究侧重于社会情感支持。大多数研究只包括一种形式的干预。46项(43%)采用面对面的小组会议,11项(10%)采用电话会议,9项(8%)研究采用为家访,7项(7%)为一对一会议,其余34项(32%)为多种形式的组合。此外,有37项研究(35%)由护士或医务人员进行干预,有32项研究(30%)由社会工作者或心理健康专业人士进行干预,有4项研究(4%)由同伴进行干预,有24项研究(23%)中上述群体的组合进行干预,在1项研究中由家庭成员进行干预,有8项研究没有明确说明。

在所有的干预措施中,有67项(63%)旨在促进患者与以前不认识的人的社会关系;20项(19%)只提供了专业人员的支持;有34项(32%)邀请了家庭成员,其中只有10项侧重于家庭-患者关系。每个干预课程平均持续83分钟,在7.5个月内共有14.7次,研究人员在干预后对参与者进行了平均25.6个月的随访,随访期间,13.6%的参与者死亡。

在一个固定时间段的87次观察中,发现平均OR=1.20,与对照组相比,干预组的生存可能性增加20%。在对比31项社会心理行为支持干预措施(如坚持治疗)和56项社会情感支持的干预措施时,其治疗效果是不同的,前者侧重于激励性健康方式,且两种干预措施的效果大小差异很大。

一个22项随机对照研究分析了生存时间方面的数据,发现平均HR=1.29,与对照组相比,生存时间延长的可能性增加了29%,此外,22项的研究数据中有更多的女性参与、疗程增加一倍,并进行5年以上的随访期,因此,病人的存活率低于固定时间段的87次的观察。未来的研究需要确认更长的疗程和随访是否会产生更大的益处。

对HR数据的分析表明,与对照组相比,F每月死亡比例较多的研究更多是由于社会心理干预较少。如果在疾病早期进行社会心理干预,可能会提高患者的生存率。

Holt-Lunstad说:"我们强有力的证据表明,社会关系和其他社会因素会显着影响患者的身体健康,包括降低过早死亡的风险。"

"应该进医疗专业人士和心理健康专业人士之间的合作,如今,大医院经常鼓励心理学家与医生合作,并对病人进行评估,但在小型医院和诊所则很少。"研究人员说道。但是,患者的医疗过程常常不同,有些人会立即采取康复行动或预防措施,但有一些人可能会推迟甚至放弃有益的健康行为。还有些患者的抑郁和焦虑的比例可能更高,会使社会辅助的治疗方式变得更为关键。

社会关系对患者的生存和健康有一定的影响,医疗人员或许需要这些信息,以便为病人实施正确的社会心理辅助治疗。

 

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    2022-02-12 jeanqiuqiu
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    2021-11-20 kalseyzl
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    2021-05-20 jyzxjiangqin

    好文章!

    0

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