用智能贴片颠覆糖尿病管理模式,这两位亚洲科学家真是帅呆了

2016-04-01 周伦 奇点网

Dae-Hyeong Kim,首尔国立大学的助理教授,由于他将可伸展材料用于医疗设备的杰出贡献,被《麻省理工科技评论》(MIT Technology Review)杂志评选为2013年度全球杰出青年创新人物。 顾臻,美国北卡大学教堂山分校医学院、药学院,北卡州立大学工学院联合生物医学工程系助理教授,由于他发明了“智能胰岛素贴片”,被《麻省理工科技评论》杂志



Dae-Hyeong Kim,首尔国立大学的助理教授,由于他将可伸展材料用于医疗设备的杰出贡献,被《麻省理工科技评论》(MIT Technology Review)杂志评选为2013年度全球杰出青年创新人物。


顾臻,美国北卡大学教堂山分校医学院、药学院,北卡州立大学工学院联合生物医学工程系助理教授,由于他发明了“智能胰岛素贴片”,被《麻省理工科技评论》杂志评选为2015年度全球杰出青年创新人物。

这两个来自东方世界的年轻人,在被评选为“全球杰出青年创新人物”时都是34岁。他们在糖尿病监控领域的领先研究工作备受《自然》等杂志的推崇。如果一切进展顺利,在未来的5到10年里,糖尿病患者的健康管理将会是另外一番景象。

可监测并调节血糖水平的石墨烯腕带

3月21日,《自然·纳米技术》杂志刊登了Dae-Hyeong Kim团队的最新研究,Kim团队发明了一种可监测并调节血糖水平的石墨烯腕带(1)。

这个腕带由两部分组成,其中一部分为血糖浓度监测区,另一个部分为治疗区(控制血糖浓度)。


Hui Won Yun-Seoul National University

石墨烯有新材料之王的美誉,由于它韧性高、光穿透率高、导电性好,近年来在很多领域都受到了高度关注。Kim团队也想将这种新型材料用于医疗领域。但是石墨烯材料天生的惰性,即不具备电化学能力也让很多研究人员苦恼。于是Kim便创造性的将石墨烯与金掺杂在一起,这一小小的改变,使石墨烯变成了可以检测皮肤温度和湿度,汗液pH和葡萄糖浓度的传感器。最终根据皮肤的温度和湿度,汗液的pH值和葡萄糖浓度,综合分析出血糖浓度。并将数据传递给移动设备。


左边为监测区,右边为治疗区(1)

一旦监测区发现血糖浓度超标,位于治疗区的加热器就会激发微型针头,融化药物贮藏体的外膜,微型针头将会刺入浅表皮肤之下,将降血糖药物二甲双胍注入患者体内,实现控制血糖的目的。当然,为了避免注入人体的降血糖药物过多,治疗区针头表面的可融化外膜的融化是分时控制的。言外之意是,分片融化,一旦血糖得到控制,融化随之停止。最终实现智能调控血糖的浓度。

如此智能的血糖管理贴片啥时候才能面市呢?具体时间我也没办法预测。但是如果你知道这款装置是Kim团队和美国马萨诸塞州著名的柔性电子产品公司 MC10联合开发的,那么你对它面市的时间就会有信心多了。

智能胰岛素贴片

相较于Kim团队融合了各种高科技,最终通过汗液监测血糖浓度的腕带,顾臻团队的智能胰岛素贴片则要直接的多。


智能胰岛素贴片被《科学》评为2015年十大最美图片之一

顾臻团队开发的“智能胰岛素贴片”只有指甲盖大小,贴片的一面覆盖着121个微小的针,这些针充满了微小的囊泡。当血糖浓度过高时,这些囊泡会打开,释放胰岛素。


贴片工作原理示意图(2)

2015年7月7日,顾臻团队的研究成果刊登在PNAS上(2),并很快登上了《自然》和《科学》头条。来势汹汹,大有终结糖尿病注射治疗时代的意味。

顾臻团队的这款智能胰岛素贴片原理很简单,但是设计的很巧妙。他们巧妙的利用了体内的化学反应过程,达到释放胰岛素的目的。他们同样在贴片的微针中放入了降血糖的胰岛素,然而这个胰岛素也是被一种化学物质包裹。当血糖浓度升高时,从血液中进入微针中的葡萄糖会在微针内发生化学反应,导致包裹胰岛素的囊泡破裂,释放胰岛素。当血糖浓度降低时,胰岛素就停止释放。也巧妙的实现了胰岛素释放的可控。


往身上贴时,是这样的

为了获得更加持续的血糖调节能力,顾臻团队又对这一智能胰岛素贴片做了进一步的改进。这一回,他们把贴片里的胰岛素直接换成了能够产生胰岛素的β细胞。


贴片上面绿色为胰岛细胞,下面橘黄色为葡萄糖感应器(3)

胰岛β细胞的移植实际上也是一种治疗糖尿病的手法,但是由于异体移植的排异反应,导致这一方法也不能满足所有人的需求。顾臻团队这种方法,有效的避免了排异反应(因为免疫细胞被隔离起来了)。今年二月份,顾臻团队的这一研究成果刊登在材料领域顶级期刊《Advanced Materials》上(3)。

据悉,目前顾臻团队正在跟有关企业接触,联手开发这种智能贴片。

由于目前全球糖尿病人数众多,而且缺乏非常好的管理治疗手段,因此学术界和工业界对糖尿病管理和治疗方法的研发热情非常高。广大患者对无创检测和无创管理的心理需求也非常高。

目前类似的研究主要停留在临床前的动物实验阶段,在不同体型的动物身上还需要改进优化实验体系。一切顺利的话,大概两三年可以进入临床,5-10年可以实现商业化。因此,无创的糖尿病管理真正的走入生活,还需要大家耐心等待。

参考文献

1.Lee H, Choi TK, Lee YB, Cho HR, Ghaffari R, et al. 2016. A graphene-based electrochemical device with thermoresponsive microneedles for diabetes monitoring and therapy. Nat Nano advance online publication

2.Yu J, Zhang Y, Ye Y, DiSanto R, Sun W, et al. 2015. Microneedle-array patches loaded with hypoxia-sensitive vesicles provide fast glucose-responsive insulin delivery. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 112:8260-5

3.Ye Y, Yu J, Wang C, Nguyen N-Y, Walker GM, et al. 2016. Microneedles Integrated with Pancreatic Cells and Synthetic Glucose-Signal Amplifiers for Smart Insulin Delivery. Advanced Materials:n/a-n/a

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    2016-05-12 1deccd6bm00(暂无匿称)

    期盼这一天到来

    0

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    2016-04-15 明崖

    希望早日出来,解决糖尿病人痛苦

    0

  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1764145, encodeId=287f1e64145aa, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=844492480bb' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#贴片#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=39, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=92480, encryptionId=844492480bb, topicName=贴片)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=56f237637156, createdName=12498b37m84暂无昵称, createdTime=Thu Aug 18 03:08:00 CST 2016, time=2016-08-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=85601, encodeId=b6db85601bd, content=期盼这一天到来, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=113, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=149d1722688, createdName=1deccd6bm00(暂无匿称), createdTime=Thu May 12 12:56:00 CST 2016, time=2016-05-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1931690, encodeId=8a8f193169036, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=1a76e6753b9' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#糖尿病管理#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=51, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=76753, encryptionId=1a76e6753b9, topicName=糖尿病管理)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=7ca4300, createdName=wodejia-dayu, createdTime=Mon May 16 19:08:00 CST 2016, time=2016-05-16, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=78493, encodeId=7efce849347, content=希望早日出来,解决糖尿病人痛苦, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=97, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=73441710184, createdName=明崖, createdTime=Fri Apr 15 14:26:00 CST 2016, time=2016-04-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1625307, encodeId=0483162530e78, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=604fe6046b2' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#管理模式#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=34, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=76046, encryptionId=604fe6046b2, topicName=管理模式)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=8adf20737369, createdName=zhangj7115, createdTime=Sun Apr 03 06:08:00 CST 2016, time=2016-04-03, status=1, ipAttribution=)]