南方医院惠侨楼成功切除一例国内罕见巨大甲状腺未分化癌

2012-05-29 驻地记者徐平鸽通讯员 宁习源、吴剑鹏 医学论坛网

  记者昨天从南方医科大学南方医院获悉,该院惠侨楼普外科专家与口腔颌面外科专家联合完成了一例右侧巨大甲状腺未分化癌切除术。目前患者术后恢复良好,未见有声音嘶哑、口角歪斜、右臂上举困难等神经副损伤的表现,已于顺利康复出院。   据南方医院普通外科专家吴承堂副教授与口腔颌面外科专家殷学民主任介绍,手术切除的颈部巨大包块来源于右侧甲状腺,体积巨大,在国内非常罕见,约16*11*7cm(国内暂有报

  记者昨天从南方医科大学南方医院获悉,该院惠侨楼普外科专家与口腔颌面外科专家联合完成了一例右侧巨大甲状腺未分化癌切除术。目前患者术后恢复良好,未见有声音嘶哑、口角歪斜、右臂上举困难等神经副损伤的表现,已于顺利康复出院。

  据南方医院普通外科专家吴承堂副教授与口腔颌面外科专家殷学民主任介绍,手术切除的颈部巨大包块来源于右侧甲状腺,体积巨大,在国内非常罕见,约16*11*7cm(国内暂有报道肿瘤最大约17cm,实用医学杂志,2005,21(12):1301-1302;国外最大约25cm,The American Journal of Surgery,177(4):337-339)。肿瘤病史长,与周围的组织粘连甚为紧密,因此手术操作复杂,风险极大,术中若处理不当可致癌栓脱落而引起脑梗塞等严重的并发症,若不能完整切除肿瘤反而可致肿瘤扩散,不利于患者预后。

  患者为广东梅州一78岁老奶奶,发现颈部肿物已有30余年,近3个月来肿物急剧增大,并伴有头痛、气促和进食困难,遂于今年3月26日入住南方医院惠侨楼。入院后查颈部CT和磁共振显示,右侧甲状腺癌并包绕颈内静脉,颈部淋巴结肿大并融合成团。由于肿瘤巨大,所居部位险要,再者患者为高龄,合并有慢性心肺功能不全,均会加大手术风险。医院高度重视该患者病情,并组织了全院多个相关学科的专家进行会诊,共同拟定治疗方案。

  南方医院普外科吴承堂副教授与口腔颌面部专家殷学民教授在直视下用电刀将颈前肌群切断,沿肿瘤边缘向瘤体中心逐步游离,仔细分离并结扎颈内外静脉,保护颈动脉鞘以及舌下神经、迷走神经、膈神经和臂丛神经。待瘤体完整游离后,将其与周围融合成团的淋巴结一并整块切除,至此手术圆满结束。由于患者气管长期受肿瘤压迫,已痉挛狭窄,术后送至外科ICU监护1天后才拔除气管插管。返回普通病房后未发现有呼吸困难、声音嘶哑、口角歪斜、右臂上举困难等并发症,术后恢复良好,瘤体压迫症状已被解除,饮食和呼吸均较术前亦有明显改善。

  据悉,甲状腺未分化癌是罕见的恶性肿瘤,发病率不超过甲状腺癌的5%,但病死率占甲状腺癌的50%(中国实用外科杂志,2011,31(5):401-403)。由于甲状腺未分化癌恶性程度高,发展迅速,早期即可侵犯邻近组织,预后不佳,平均生存期约3~6个月。目前据大量文献报道表明,手术切除肿瘤后可提高肿瘤的局控率和改善生存曲线。特别是对于原发肿瘤发现较早,体积较小尚未出现周围组织侵犯时,可考虑手术切除(AJCC/UICC 2002 IVa)。本例患者已存在腺体外的浸润生长,手术的性质主要是减瘤负荷,以暂时解除压迫症状,术后加以辅助的放疗和化疗,则有望提高生存率。



    

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    2012-05-31 syscxl