Am J Clin Nutr: LFD与传统饮食治疗腹泻型肠易激综合征的比较

2021-04-11 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

在使用非西方饮食的地区,低可发酵寡糖、双糖、单糖和多元醇(LFD)饮食与传统饮食建议(TDA)相比,其疗效和相关因素尚不清楚。邵逸夫医院Yawen Zhang等比较LFD与TDA治疗中国人IBS-D的

在使用非西方饮食的地区,低可发酵寡糖、双糖、单糖和多元醇(LFD)饮食与传统饮食建议(TDA)相比,其疗效和相关因素尚不清楚。邵逸夫医院Yawen Zhang等比较LFD与TDA治疗中国人IBS-D的疗效,并探讨影响疗效的相关因素。文章发表在Am J Clin Nutr杂志。

该研究将108例符合罗马III标准的中国IBS-D患者随机分为两组:LFD组、TDA组。主要终点是在3周时肠易激综合征严重程度评分降低超过50分。对饮食干预前后采集的粪便样本进行了SCFAs和微生物区系的变化评估。Logistic回归模型用于确定预后的预测因素。

每个治疗组在第一周和第三周末的日均症状评分与基线个人症状和总体不适的比较。LFD,n=50;TDA,n=45。(A-G)基线、第一周和第三周的每日平均个人症状评分:(A)腹痛;(B)布里斯托大便形态评分;(C)大便频率;(D)腹胀;(E)上风;(F)紧迫感;(G)排便不全。(H)每日整体不适评分的中位数。数据表示为(A,B)均值±SEM或(C-H)中位数±IQR。∗∗∗∗∗差异有显著性:P<0.0 5∗∗P<0.0 1∗∗∗P<0.001。LFD,低可发酵低聚糖、二糖、单糖和多元醇饮食;TDA,传统饮食建议。

 LFD或TDA前后患者粪便中SCFA的变化。LFD,n=47;TDA,n=39。(A)乙酸,(B)丙酸,(C)正丁酸,(D)I-丁酸,(E)戊酸,(F)I-戊酸。数据以平均值±SEM表示。结果比较采用配对样本t检验。LFD,低可发酵低聚糖、二糖、单糖和多元醇饮食;TDA,传统饮食建议。

所有入选患者在LFD或TDA前后粪便微生物多样性和相对丰度的变化。LFD,n=47;TDA,n=39。(A)两组患者治疗前后α多样性指数(Shannon指数)的变化。(B,C)LFD组或(C)TDA组中基线和干预后粪便样本之间的PCoA;PCoA是基于加权UniFrac距离绘制的。(D)LFD或(E)TDA前后(D)LFD或(E)TDA的差异;绿色表示基线富集的类群,红色表示LFD或TDA后富集的类群。(D)LFD或(E)TDA前后的差异;绿色表示基线富集的类群,红色表示LFD或TDA后富集的类群。(F)服用LFD(红色)的患者和服用TDA(绿色)的患者在左旋糖酐治疗后的特定细菌分类群的差异。LDA,线性判别分析;左旋,线性判别分析效应大小;LFD,低可发酵低聚糖、二糖、单糖和多元醇饮食;PCoA,主坐标分析;TDA,传统饮食建议。

预测患者对LFD或TDA反应的概率的原始数据和模型。LFD,n=50;TDA,n=47。(A)两个饮食干预组中应答者和无应答者的A指数水平。(B)指数A预测对饮食干预有反应的概率。指数A的计算方法是乙酸减去丙酸和正丁酸除以短链脂肪酸的总浓度。采用逐步选择法建立Logistic回归模型进行统计分析。LFD,低可发酵低聚糖、二糖、单糖和多元醇饮食;TDA,传统饮食建议。

LFD上应答者和无应答者与健康人的微生物谱差异。对照组n=14,LFD有效组n=29,无反应组n=21。(A)α-对照、应答者和无应答者之间的多样性(香农指数)比较。(B)应答者、无应答者和对照之间微生物区系(可操作分类单位)相似性的PCoA。根据加权UniFrac距离绘制PCoA图。(C)在对照、应答者和无应答者之间的属水平上前25个丰富的分类群。红星是指3组间Kruskal-Wallis检验的统计结果。(D)对照、应答者和无应答者之间有显著差异的3种细菌的相对丰度。采用Wilcoxon‘s检验进行两组比较。∗∗差异有显著性:P<0.0 5∗∗P<0.0 1。低可发酵性低聚糖、二糖、单糖和多元醇日粮;PCoA,主坐标分析。

服用LFD治疗3周后微生物谱的变化。N=29,LFD前;n=28,LFD后。(A)根据LDA效应大小,研究应答者在LFD前后的特定细菌分类群的差异。(B)食用LFD的应答者在饮食治疗后双歧杆菌相对丰度的变化。(C)LFD后细菌相对丰度的变化(应答者的相对丰度较高)。配对的Wilcoxon检验用于前后比较。∗∗,#差异有显著性:P<0.0 5∗∗P<0.0 1,#P<0.1。LDA,线性判别分析;LFD,低能发酵性寡糖、二糖、单糖和多元醇饮食。

在完成这项研究的10 0名患者中,LFD组(51名患者中有30名,59%)和TDA组(49名患者中有26名,53%)符合主要终点的患者数量相似(∆6%;95%CI:-13%,24%)。与TDA组相比,LFD组患者在大便频率和大便过度方面的症状改善更早。LFD降低了碳水化合物发酵菌如双歧杆菌和类杆菌的数量,降低了糖解发酵活力。这与治疗应答者的症状改善有关。基线时高糖解发酵活性与较高的症状负担(P=0.01)和对LFD的良好治疗反应(logOR:4.9;95%CI:-0.1,9.9;P=0.05)相关。

总之,LFD和TDA均能改善中国IBS-D患者的症状。LFD的症状改善快于TDA。IBS症状越严重,粪便发酵指数越高的患者对LFD的反应越大。根据高糖解能力的定义,确定肠道菌群失调,可能有助于选择这一特殊的患者群体。相反,微生物糖解能力正常到低的IBS-D患者可能受益于TDA或其他针对胃肠运动和感觉功能异常的治疗。

原文出处

Zhang Yawen,Feng Lijun,Wang Xin et al. Low fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides, and polyols diet compared with traditional dietary advice for diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome: a parallel-group, randomized controlled trial with analysis of clinical and microbiological factors associated with patient outcomes.[J] .Am J Clin Nutr, 2021, undefined: undefined.

 

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