“上瘾”其实是一种大脑疾病

2016-11-26 佚名 煎蛋

美国卫生局局长Vivek Murthy称,去年有2100万美国人有酒精或毒品上瘾问题。但是,接受治疗的只有十分之一。Murthy 在《华盛顿邮报》上说道,“如果只有十分之一的癌症或糖尿病患者接受治疗,我们绝不会容忍。但我们却不这么对待有物质滥用障碍的人。”2015年,错用合法处方药或使用非法处方药的人超过了2700万。近期,有6600万人称自己在上个月曾经酗酒。Murthy说问题原因很复杂。也有可

美国卫生局局长Vivek Murthy称,去年有2100万美国人有酒精或毒品上瘾问题。但是,接受治疗的只有十分之一。Murthy 在《华盛顿邮报》上说道,“如果只有十分之一的癌症或糖尿病患者接受治疗,我们绝不会容忍。但我们却不这么对待有物质滥用障碍的人。”

2015年,错用合法处方药或使用非法处方药的人超过了2700万。近期,有6600万人称自己在上个月曾经酗酒。

Murthy说问题原因很复杂。也有可能是因为医院对上瘾问题的检查越来越严格,所以才发现了这么多上瘾者。不过,他认为我们应该改变对有瘾的人的看法。

Murthy写道,“我们的文化需要转变对上瘾的看法。许多人长期以来都认为上瘾是道德败坏的表现。这让造成了上瘾者的羞耻感,让他们不愿意主动寻求帮助。我们需要让每个人知道上瘾并非人格缺陷——而是一种慢性病,需要同样的医学技巧和怜悯之心。”



回应Murthy所抱观点的有不少人,包括许多神经学家、经济学家、精神病医生,以及受上瘾问题困扰的人。过去几十年里得到认证的科学研究也支持了这种观点。


神经学记者兼作家Maia Szalavitz在新书Unbroken Brain里将上瘾列为一种学习障碍,类似注意力缺陷多动症,认为这同样需要治疗。治疗方法因人而异,但可能会包括认知行为治疗法。
Szalavitz说道,“上瘾是一种病态的学习,大脑中负责爱、性和喂食的区域发生了巨大的改变。”

也就是说上瘾会带来巨大的“驱动力”,让患者在即使没有任何快感的情况下仍不停吸食毒品。这与人们的普遍观念不一样,人们通常认为上瘾者滥用物质是因为这些物质会带来快感。
Szalavitz称,“我们在这方面非常落后,没有意识到学习的作用。如果要将上瘾当做疾病,那么应该把它归类为学习障碍。”

原文发表在Business Insider上。

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    2016-12-14 Amygdala

    我该怪谁,DA(dopamine)是吗?

    0

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    2016-11-27 jessie1135

    很少有人能“上瘾”就诊

    0

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    2016-11-27 stomach

    说的不无道理,,

    0

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    2016-11-26 inter158

    为他们找到了医学依据对不对

    0

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    2016-11-26 ylzr123

    上瘾会带来巨大的“驱动力”,让患者在即使没有任何快感的情况下仍不停吸食毒品。这与人们的普遍观念不一样,人们通常认为上瘾者滥用物质是因为这些物质会带来快感。

    0

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