脊髓血管畸形手术

2016-03-14 MedSci www.windrug.com

脊髓血管畸形手术 脊髓血管畸形可分为动静脉畸形、静脉畸形、海绵状血管瘤与毛细血管扩张四种。如引起脊髓功能障碍,多主张手术切除。 [适应证] 1.脊髓病变经脊髓造影或选择性脊髓动脉造影证实为脊髓血管畸形,症状进行性加重,神经根痛显著,有蛛网膜下腔出血史者。 2.椎管-脊髓探查术中发现的脊髓血管畸形。 [禁忌证] 1.术前诊断虽已成立,但脊髓功能障碍完全,历时3~4年,估计术后无恢

脊髓血管畸形手术

脊髓血管畸形可分为动静脉畸形、静脉畸形、海绵状血管瘤与毛细血管扩张四种。如引起脊髓功能障碍,多主张手术切除。

[适应证]

1.脊髓病变经脊髓造影或选择性脊髓动脉造影证实为脊髓血管畸形,症状进行性加重,神经根痛显著,有蛛网膜下腔出血史者。

2.椎管-脊髓探查术中发现的脊髓血管畸形。

[禁忌证]

1.术前诊断虽已成立,但脊髓功能障碍完全,历时3~4年,估计术后无恢复可能者。

2.一般情况太差,不能耐受手术者。

[术前准备]

同椎管-脊髓探查术。

[麻醉]

全麻。

[手术步骤]

1.以病灶为中心作后背正中切口,切除病变范围内的相应椎板。血管畸形病变范围常可较广泛,故一次手术常需切除5~6个椎板。

2.切开硬脊膜时应注意勿损伤其下方的畸形血管,以免引起出血。此时探查血管畸形类型、畸形灶部位、供应动脉及引流静脉。病变区的根动脉常对畸形血管供血,其数目不一,但常有一个是主要供血者。供血动脉常由硬脊膜外神经根相近处穿入脊膜内,位于脊髓背外侧,粗大鲜红,有搏动。可先分出一小段动脉,用动脉夹暂时阻断其血流,该血管远端如有萎陷、变色、搏动消失,即可用双极电凝烧灼后切断。如观察不到此现象,则可阻断其主要供血动脉,其他动脉仅切断其进入畸形灶的分支,以保证脊髓的供血。畸形灶如位于脊髓背侧面或两旁的蛛网膜下腔,或虽已侵入软脊膜内,但范围较小,且与脊髓组织有明确分界,可行手术切除。毛细血管扩张常位于软脊膜下,在手术显微镜下也不能确定血管与脊髓组织的解剖关系,因此不适宜一事无成手术切除。在手术显微镜下,将围绕畸形血管的蛛网膜锐性分开,畸形血管不宜用镊子直接钳夹,以免破裂,可用微形镊夹住覆盖其表面的蛛网膜进行牵拉。在畸形血管之间以及血管与脊髓之间的蛛网膜纤维用微形剪剪断。畸形血管与软脊膜下血管之间的吻合支,可在接近畸形血管处用双极电凝处理后切断;少数较粗大者在电凝前应加用银夹夹闭。畸形灶切除时,将缠绕的血管团整个从脊髓表面分离即可,不必将互相粘着的血管分开。由于脊髓动静脉畸形内的血压不高,如有血管破裂出血,用双极电凝即可控制。

图1 脊髓血管畸形切除术

回流静脉一般位于脊髓背侧,蜿蜒上行多个节段。切除畸形灶后,沿静脉向头端解剖,沿途切断汇放静脉的分支,直到其血液由动脉性转变为静脉性为止。残端双极电凝处理,必要时可加用银夹。脊髓血管畸形手术的原则与颅内血管畸形手术相同,即先处理供应动脉,然后切除畸形灶,最后切断引流静脉。切不可先结扎引流静脉,否则将引起畸形灶血管出血并加重脊髓损害[图1]。

3.止血彻底后,将硬脊膜及各层组织按层缝合。

[术中注意事项]

脊髓血管畸形的手术治疗与其所在部位和与脊髓的关系密切相关。对于位于脊髓腹侧或手术未能完全切除的血管畸形,人工栓塞术是一种可选择的方法,但上颈段病变应慎重。

[术后处理]

同椎管-脊髓探查术。

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  1. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1709713, encodeId=4ed11e0971387, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=28e089e13d1' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#血管畸形#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=38, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=89713, encryptionId=28e089e13d1, topicName=血管畸形)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=70cd31776816, createdName=12498ca5m93暂无昵称, createdTime=Wed Aug 31 21:30:00 CST 2016, time=2016-08-31, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=87568, encodeId=125d8e56899, content=不错的文章, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=130, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=f9f21613855, createdName=lsblb, createdTime=Mon May 30 17:22:00 CST 2016, time=2016-05-30, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=87567, encodeId=29d88e56729, content=不错的文章, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=150, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=f9f21613855, createdName=lsblb, createdTime=Mon May 30 17:21:00 CST 2016, time=2016-05-30, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=72044, encodeId=5369e204483, content=很不错的文章, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=100, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=7cde98330, createdName=milkshark, createdTime=Sun Mar 20 22:45:00 CST 2016, time=2016-03-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1362135, encodeId=e11d1362135d4, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=9857e03444b' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#畸形#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=31, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=70344, encryptionId=9857e03444b, topicName=畸形)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=4c37265, createdName=zhaojie88, createdTime=Wed Mar 16 05:30:00 CST 2016, time=2016-03-16, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1709713, encodeId=4ed11e0971387, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=28e089e13d1' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#血管畸形#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=38, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=89713, encryptionId=28e089e13d1, topicName=血管畸形)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=70cd31776816, createdName=12498ca5m93暂无昵称, createdTime=Wed Aug 31 21:30:00 CST 2016, time=2016-08-31, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=87568, encodeId=125d8e56899, content=不错的文章, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=130, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=f9f21613855, createdName=lsblb, createdTime=Mon May 30 17:22:00 CST 2016, time=2016-05-30, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=87567, encodeId=29d88e56729, content=不错的文章, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=150, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=f9f21613855, createdName=lsblb, createdTime=Mon May 30 17:21:00 CST 2016, time=2016-05-30, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=72044, encodeId=5369e204483, content=很不错的文章, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=100, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=7cde98330, createdName=milkshark, createdTime=Sun Mar 20 22:45:00 CST 2016, time=2016-03-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1362135, encodeId=e11d1362135d4, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=9857e03444b' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#畸形#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=31, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=70344, encryptionId=9857e03444b, topicName=畸形)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=4c37265, createdName=zhaojie88, createdTime=Wed Mar 16 05:30:00 CST 2016, time=2016-03-16, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-05-30 lsblb

    不错的文章

    0

  3. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1709713, encodeId=4ed11e0971387, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=28e089e13d1' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#血管畸形#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=38, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=89713, encryptionId=28e089e13d1, topicName=血管畸形)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=70cd31776816, createdName=12498ca5m93暂无昵称, createdTime=Wed Aug 31 21:30:00 CST 2016, time=2016-08-31, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=87568, encodeId=125d8e56899, content=不错的文章, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=130, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=f9f21613855, createdName=lsblb, createdTime=Mon May 30 17:22:00 CST 2016, time=2016-05-30, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=87567, encodeId=29d88e56729, content=不错的文章, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=150, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=f9f21613855, createdName=lsblb, createdTime=Mon May 30 17:21:00 CST 2016, time=2016-05-30, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=72044, encodeId=5369e204483, content=很不错的文章, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=100, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=7cde98330, createdName=milkshark, createdTime=Sun Mar 20 22:45:00 CST 2016, time=2016-03-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1362135, encodeId=e11d1362135d4, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=9857e03444b' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#畸形#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=31, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=70344, encryptionId=9857e03444b, topicName=畸形)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=4c37265, createdName=zhaojie88, createdTime=Wed Mar 16 05:30:00 CST 2016, time=2016-03-16, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-05-30 lsblb

    不错的文章

    0

  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1709713, encodeId=4ed11e0971387, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=28e089e13d1' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#血管畸形#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=38, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=89713, encryptionId=28e089e13d1, topicName=血管畸形)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=70cd31776816, createdName=12498ca5m93暂无昵称, createdTime=Wed Aug 31 21:30:00 CST 2016, time=2016-08-31, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=87568, encodeId=125d8e56899, content=不错的文章, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=130, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=f9f21613855, createdName=lsblb, createdTime=Mon May 30 17:22:00 CST 2016, time=2016-05-30, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=87567, encodeId=29d88e56729, content=不错的文章, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=150, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=f9f21613855, createdName=lsblb, createdTime=Mon May 30 17:21:00 CST 2016, time=2016-05-30, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=72044, encodeId=5369e204483, content=很不错的文章, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=100, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=7cde98330, createdName=milkshark, createdTime=Sun Mar 20 22:45:00 CST 2016, time=2016-03-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1362135, encodeId=e11d1362135d4, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=9857e03444b' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#畸形#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=31, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=70344, encryptionId=9857e03444b, topicName=畸形)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=4c37265, createdName=zhaojie88, createdTime=Wed Mar 16 05:30:00 CST 2016, time=2016-03-16, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-03-20 milkshark

    很不错的文章

    0

  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1709713, encodeId=4ed11e0971387, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=28e089e13d1' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#血管畸形#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=38, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=89713, encryptionId=28e089e13d1, topicName=血管畸形)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=70cd31776816, createdName=12498ca5m93暂无昵称, createdTime=Wed Aug 31 21:30:00 CST 2016, time=2016-08-31, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=87568, encodeId=125d8e56899, content=不错的文章, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=130, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=f9f21613855, createdName=lsblb, createdTime=Mon May 30 17:22:00 CST 2016, time=2016-05-30, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=87567, encodeId=29d88e56729, content=不错的文章, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=150, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=f9f21613855, createdName=lsblb, createdTime=Mon May 30 17:21:00 CST 2016, time=2016-05-30, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=72044, encodeId=5369e204483, content=很不错的文章, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=100, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=7cde98330, createdName=milkshark, createdTime=Sun Mar 20 22:45:00 CST 2016, time=2016-03-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1362135, encodeId=e11d1362135d4, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=9857e03444b' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#畸形#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=31, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=70344, encryptionId=9857e03444b, topicName=畸形)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=4c37265, createdName=zhaojie88, createdTime=Wed Mar 16 05:30:00 CST 2016, time=2016-03-16, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-03-16 zhaojie88