Nature:甲状旁腺激素相关蛋白(PTHrP)可能是癌症恶病质的重要原因

2014-07-16 佚名 生物通

来自Dana-Farber癌症研究所的一项新研究,让更有效地治疗恶病质(cachexia)变得前景光明。 恶病质是一种严重的机体代谢紊乱,它发生于近一半的癌症患者中,表现为肌肉和脂肪严重丧失并伴有体重减轻、疲劳和虚弱,这使得患者无法耐受可拯救生命的潜在治疗方法,提升了癌症患者的死亡风险。尽管人们尝试了许多的策略来扭转这种状况,却无人取得很大的成功。 在发表于7月13日《自然》(Nature

来自Dana-Farber癌症研究所的一项新研究,让更有效地治疗恶病质(cachexia)变得前景光明。

恶病质是一种严重的机体代谢紊乱,它发生于近一半的癌症患者中,表现为肌肉和脂肪严重丧失并伴有体重减轻、疲劳和虚弱,这使得患者无法耐受可拯救生命的潜在治疗方法,提升了癌症患者的死亡风险。尽管人们尝试了许多的策略来扭转这种状况,却无人取得很大的成功。

在发表于7月13日《自然》(Nature)杂志上的研究论文中,Bruce Spiegelman博士领导Dana-Farber癌症研究所的科学家们证实,当给予一种抗体阻断肿瘤细胞分泌的PTHrP蛋白的效应时,荷瘤小鼠的恶病质症状得到控制或改善。PTHrP是甲状旁腺激素相关蛋白(parathyroid hormone-related protein)的缩写,众所周知许多类型的癌细胞都释放这种蛋白。

科学家们说,他们的研究结果第一次详细揭示了来自肿瘤的PTHrP是如何开启脂肪组织中的产热过程,导致不健康的体重丧失的。

他们发现,这种肿瘤衍生蛋白刺激了白色脂肪向棕色脂肪转变,甚至在动物处于静止状态时也刺激了产热,导致体重减轻。

研究人员利用形成肺肿瘤和恶病质的小鼠完成了两项实验。在一项实验中,他们给予小鼠一种特异性中和PTHrP的多克隆抗体,发现它几乎能够完全阻止消瘦,而未治疗小鼠则出现了轻度的恶病质。

在第二项实验中,抗体治疗阻止了肌肉丧失,改善了肌肉功能,而对照动物则出现了严重的肌肉丧失。

Spiegelman 说:“基于我们对细胞培养物的首批实验结果,我们预计在小鼠体内阻断PTHrP会减少脂肪褐变。但我们惊讶地发现它还影响了肌肉丧失,改善了健康。”

研究表明,PTHrP本身并没有直接引起肌肉丧失,而是阻断了阻止肌肉丧失的蛋白质的活性。

Spiegelman指出:“因此,PTHrP的作用绝对不是解答恶病质谜题的完整答案,但其有可能是必要的一个组成部分,还有其他的因子也参与其中。”


研究的合作者、加拿大艾伯塔大学Vickie E. Baracos博士,提供了47名恶病质肺癌或结肠癌患者的血液样本。论文的第一作者、Spiegelman实验室的Serkan Kir博士发现在17名患者中PTHrP水平增高。相比于其他的患者这些患者明显更消瘦,在静止状态时生成了更多的热能。

Spiegelman认为,结果表明,PTHrP或许是导致部分癌症患者亚群,但非所有患者出现恶病质的一个原因。“在人类患者中尝试抗PTHrP抗体之前,临床医生有可能首先要弄清楚这一蛋白是否在某些癌症中增高,并确定哪些患者将是临床实验很好的候选者。”

Dana-Farber癌症研究所首席科学官员Barrett Rollins博士发表评论说:“Spiegelman和同事们的报告为开发出一种合理的、以机制为基础的疗法治疗这一发生在大量患者中、令人衰弱的症候群提供了一个新线路图。直到现在,我们还没有真正有效的方法来逆转这种可发的并发症。”

罹患上消化道癌症和胰腺癌的患者最容易出现恶病质,这种状况累及80%的晚期癌症患者。当前的策略是刺激患者食欲及给予营养强化剂,结合药物来对抗被认为是耗损过程基础的某些分子信号通路,但获得的成功有限。

原始出处:


Serkan Kir, James P. White, Sandra Kleiner, Lawrence Kazak, Paul Cohen, Vickie E. Baracos & Bruce M. Spiegelman.Tumour-derived PTH-related protein triggers adipose tissue browning and cancer cachexia.Nature.July 13 2014.doi:10.1038/nature13528

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    2014-12-28 wincls
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    2014-10-08 liye789132251
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    2015-02-17 lujian
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