Diabetes Care:双侧卵巢切除或增加糖尿病发病风险

2013-11-25 佚名 丁香园

卵巢激素调节葡萄糖摄取和胰岛素敏感性。虽然手术绝经较为频繁,但是它与糖尿病的关系尚未被广泛研究。为了评价子宫切除、子宫切除加双侧卵巢切除(BSO)、绝经年龄和生殖寿命与糖尿病发病率的相关性。来自路易斯维尔大学流行病学与人口健康部的Appiah等进行了一项研究,发现子宫切除加BSO妇女糖尿病和其它慢性疾病发病风险增高。研究结果在线发表于2013年11月5日的美国《糖尿病治疗》

卵巢激素调节葡萄糖摄取和胰岛素敏感性。虽然手术绝经较为频繁,但是它与糖尿病的关系尚未被广泛研究。为了评价子宫切除、子宫切除加双侧卵巢切除(BSO)、绝经年龄和生殖寿命与糖尿病发病率的相关性。来自路易斯维尔大学流行病学与人口健康部的Appiah等进行了一项研究,发现子宫切除加BSO妇女糖尿病和其它慢性疾病发病风险增高。研究结果在线发表于2013年11月5日的美国《糖尿病治疗》(Diabetes Care)杂志上。 【原文下载】

研究数据来自全国健康和营养检查调查Ⅰ流行病学随访研究中的2597名绝经后妇女,所有受试者基线无糖尿病。采用Cox比例风险回归模型计算校正的危险比和95%可信区间。

结果显示,中位随访时间9.2年后,无子宫切除或BSO的妇女糖尿病发病率为7.4/1000人年,单纯子宫切除的妇女为8.2/1000人年,子宫切除加BSO的妇女为8.5/1000人年。子宫切除与糖尿病呈正相关(HR 1.66)。但是,校正相关的混杂因素后,糖尿病发病风险增高仅限于子宫切除加BSO的妇女(HR 1.57)。在不考虑绝经期类型的情况下,绝经期提前和生殖寿命缩短与糖尿病发病的关系也表现为线性相关。

研究表明,子宫切除加BSO的妇女代表了一类糖尿病和其它慢性疾病风险增高的特殊人群。因此,绝经前在行子宫切除术时,因良性疾病摘除卵巢的决策应当与糖尿病及其潜在并发症的发病风险相平衡。此外,连接BSO与糖尿病的作用机制需要进一步确定。

研究背景:糖尿病在绝经后妇女中较常见,是心血管疾病的主要危险因素,同时也是工业化国家妇女死亡的主要原因。在美国,与380万年龄45-65岁的糖尿病妇女比较,估计至少有180万育龄妇女(18-44岁)患有糖尿病。每年进入更年期的妇女超过200万,伴随着预期寿命的提高,绝经后妇女的糖尿病患病率预计将增加,这使得糖尿病成为一个重要的公共健康问题。

绝经年龄与空腹胰岛素、葡萄糖水平和内脏脂肪量增加有关。尽管多项研究已着手调查绝经对糖尿病的影响,但是二者之间的关系仍不明确。雌激素与糖尿病的关系也不明确,因为患有糖尿病的绝经后妇女循环中雌二醇水平似乎比非糖尿病妇女高,并且激素疗法能够降低绝经后妇女的糖尿病发病风险。绝经后内源性雌激素生成显著降低导致男化性能增高和身体组成改变,表明雌激素影响胰岛β细胞功能、胰岛素诱导的葡萄糖转换和肝葡萄糖排除量。

双侧卵巢切除骤然降低雌激素生成,伴随而来的高胰岛素血症提示胰岛素抵抗。大鼠双侧卵巢切除后,胰岛素刺激葡萄糖转运蛋白易位至细胞膜受损,从而降低胰岛素介导的葡萄糖摄取,同时降低糖原合成酶的表达。虽然已有上述这些研究观察,但是BSO对糖尿病风险的影响还没有被广泛研究。

子宫切除术是育龄妇女行剖腹产后第二大常见手术,每年接受子宫切除术的600,000妇女中,一半以上的妇女同时进行卵巢摘除,一般情况下这样做主要是为了预防卵巢癌的发生。在美国,尽管手术绝经较为频繁,但是比较自然绝经与子宫切除或子宫切除加卵巢切除对糖尿病发病风险影响的研究较少。

原文出处:

Appiah D, Winters SJ, Hornung CA.Bilateral Oophorectomy and the Risk of Incident Diabetes in Postmenopausal Women.Diabetes Care. 2013 Nov 5. 【原文下载】

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