关于锶-89治疗肿瘤骨转移,所有你想知道的都在这里!

2018-05-30 佚名 中国核学会核医学分会科普教育委员会

癌症骨转移是恶性肿瘤常见的并发症之一,约65%~80%的恶性肿瘤晚期会发生骨转移,其发病率约为原发恶性骨肿瘤的35~40倍,好发于中老年,男女比例约为3:1。

癌症骨转移是恶性肿瘤常见的并发症之一,约65%~80%的恶性肿瘤晚期会发生骨转移,其发病率约为原发恶性骨肿瘤的35~40倍,好发于中老年,男女比例约为3:1。

临床上,80%以上的骨转移癌来源于乳腺癌、前列腺癌、肺癌、甲状腺癌和肾癌。多数病例为多发骨质破坏,脊柱、骨盆和长骨干骺端是骨转移癌的好发部位。

一、骨转移癌及骨痛会给患者造成哪些不良影响?

由骨转移癌引起的相关骨事件包括骨痛 50%~90%、病理性骨折5%~40%、高钙血症10%~20%、脊柱不稳和脊髓神经根压迫症状<10%和骨髓抑制<10%。

其中,骨痛发生率最高,多为顽固性、持续性的剧烈疼痛,患者会感到极度不适,引起或加重患者的焦虑、抑郁、乏力、失眠、食欲减退等症状,严重影响患者的日常活动、自理能力、交往能力及整体生活质量。相关的综合治疗费用,也会增加患者的经济负担。

二、骨转移癌及骨痛目前有哪些治疗方法?

骨转移癌属于晚期病变,以姑息治疗为主,治疗目标包括3 个方面:缓解疼痛,恢复功能,改善生活质量;预防和治疗骨相关事件;控制肿瘤进展,延长生存期。

临床上,针对骨转移癌及骨痛的治疗多采用综合性治疗,包括:手术、放疗(外放射治疗)、化疗、药物(双膦酸盐、止痛药、激素及中医中药等)、营养支持治疗和放射性核素治疗。

外科手术主要目的是防止和治疗病理性骨折;

放疗适用于单发病灶,可有效缓解骨痛,控制局部病变的发展,但在多发性骨转移癌患者应用受限;

化疗的疗效取决于肿瘤对化疗药物的敏感程度,全身不良反应较多,患者往往难以耐受;

双磷酸盐类药物治疗主要是通过抑制破骨细胞的活性,进而阻断病理性溶骨,可预防或延缓骨相关事件的发生,但不能直接杀死肿瘤细胞;

止痛药物能在一定程度上缓解患者的疼痛,但对骨转移灶本身无治疗作用,且长期使用不良反应多。

放射性核素治疗主要用于广泛性骨转移癌患者,已有50多年的历史,可以特异性杀死骨转移肿瘤细胞,从而发挥持久的镇痛作用。

锶-89在英国80年代开始正式应用于临床,90年代获美国FDA批准。具有给药剂量低、毒副作用小、疗效维持时间长等特点,目前临床应用更广泛。

三、锶-89为什么能用来治疗骨转移癌和骨转移癌所致的骨痛?

锶-89治疗骨转移癌的原理:锶-89进入体内后,可选择性浓聚于骨代谢异常活跃的骨肿瘤病灶部位,病灶对锶-89的摄取是正常骨的2~25倍,其释放出的β射线对肿瘤细胞具有集中、持久、直接杀伤作用。

锶-89治疗镇痛原理:

1、辐射作用使肿瘤体积缩小,减轻了受累骨膜和骨髓腔的压力;

2、辐射作用杀死肿瘤细胞,使扩散到神经组织导致疼痛的肿瘤细胞数量减少;

3、辐射生物效应抑制缓激肽和前列腺素等疼痛介质的产生;

4、辐射生物学效应干扰神经末稍去极化的过程,影响了疼痛信号在轴索的传导;

5降低碱性磷酸酶和前列腺素水平,减轻骨质破坏,从而减少对骨膜中痛觉纤维的刺激。

四、哪些人适合锶-89治疗(适应症)?

1、骨转移癌伴有骨痛患者,且骨显像显示有放射性浓聚;

2、恶性骨肿瘤因种种原因未能手术切除或手术后有残留癌肿,且骨显像证实有较高的放射性浓聚;

3、白细胞不低于3.5×109/L,血小板不低于80×109/L。

五、哪些人不适合锶-89治疗(禁忌症)?

1、6周内进行过化疗;

2、化疗或放疗后出现严重骨髓功能障碍;

3、骨显像显示病灶无明显放射性浓聚,呈放射性“冷区”的溶骨性病变;

4、严重肝肾功能损害者;

5、妊娠和哺乳期妇女;

6、对于由于脊柱转移引起的脊索压迫,可能需要更快速的治疗,锶-89不能作为主要治疗手段。

六、锶-89治疗骨转移癌及骨痛的疗效如何?

锶-89半衰期长(50.5天),可以在骨转移癌病灶内滞留约100天,因此疗效持久。

疗效主要体现在骨痛的缓解,改善患者的生活质量、预防或减少骨相关事件的发生,部分患者骨转移病灶可有不同程度的缩小甚至消失。

临床研究显示,多数患者在治疗后2周疼痛逐渐缓解,有效率在80%以上,且疼痛缓解维持时间3~6个月。

七、锶-89治疗骨转移癌及骨痛安全吗?

锶-89治疗骨转移癌及骨痛不仅有效,并且安全。锶-89治疗后毒副作用包括早期副作用和后期副作用。

早期副作用发生在治疗后2~10天,少数患者可出现骨痛加剧,即所谓的“闪烁”现象或称之为“反跳痛”,一般持续2~4天。

“闪烁”现象的发生机制尚不明确,但出现“闪烁”现象的患者常预示将获得较好的疗效。

后期副作用主要是短暂性骨髓抑制,表现为治疗后4~6周约20%~30%的患者会出现一过性白细胞和(或)血小板降低,下降幅度较治疗前基础值一般小于20%,对症处理即可。罕见不可逆性骨髓抑制。

八、锶-89治疗后辐射危害大吗?

锶-89发射纯β射线,平均能量约1.5 Mev,射程短(骨组织中的最大射程约3毫米,软组织中约8毫米),穿透力差,1厘米厚的木板可将其大部分屏蔽,因此对患者家属、周围环境和医护人员的辐射危害可忽略不计,无需进行特殊的辐射防护。

另一方面,锶-89具有趋骨性,靶向性强,故患者本身除骨转移病灶以外的组织和器官辐射剂量极小。

九、可否重复治疗?

可以。但需遵循以下指征:

1、骨痛未完全消失或有复发者;

2、首次治疗效果明显,白细胞>3.5×109/L,血小板>80×109/L;

3、两次治疗时间应间隔3个月以上。

十、可否与其他治疗方法并用?

可以。研究显示,锶-89与放疗、化疗、双膦酸盐及内分泌治疗等联合治疗具有协同效应,效果更好,安全性也较高。

值得注意的是,联合治疗时需把控好两种不同治疗方法的间隔时间,如锶-89治疗前应停用化疗或放疗至少6周避免发生骨髓抑制,停用双膦酸盐药物至少2天以利于锶-89在骨转移病灶中积聚。

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    2018-06-01 villahu
  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1460743, encodeId=e6e71460e433e, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=668b96e72d9' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#锶#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=33, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=96772, encryptionId=668b96e72d9, topicName=锶)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=a21b6366000, createdName=villahu, createdTime=Fri Jun 01 02:24:00 CST 2018, time=2018-06-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=319992, encodeId=75e331999207, content=谢谢分享.学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=54, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo6Nx0VGA4QMDzOP8oAgnV4h51EjSfehJ9QxyiaSmw8PB56BhY8KXFSxHCibXrzcy4abrzSibXQPxJ9kzrLcJyhhB8a/0, createdBy=1d3b1672603, createdName=明月清辉, createdTime=Wed May 30 13:23:16 CST 2018, time=2018-05-30, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=319984, encodeId=de3631998484, content=阅, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=55, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/09/07/a9772c74ffd6edc03a7f9af07b4747f6.jpg, createdBy=b3722138742, createdName=sunfeifeiyang, createdTime=Wed May 30 13:06:43 CST 2018, time=2018-05-30, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=319968, encodeId=2b5f319968ff, content=学习了.长知识, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=60, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20220115/46bcf39c32de4aa6b45c5f9d66c8ee77/6cb4a20c55bb4b7691122f47747bfca2.jpg, createdBy=9dad1662329, createdName=1ddf0692m34(暂无匿称), createdTime=Wed May 30 12:47:48 CST 2018, time=2018-05-30, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=319963, encodeId=8a8b31996377, content=学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=68, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2ac82155377, createdName=1201e5c5m39暂无昵称, createdTime=Wed May 30 12:29:14 CST 2018, time=2018-05-30, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-05-30 明月清辉

    谢谢分享.学习了

    0

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    2018-05-30 sunfeifeiyang

    0

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    2018-05-30 1ddf0692m34(暂无匿称)

    学习了.长知识

    0

  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1460743, encodeId=e6e71460e433e, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=668b96e72d9' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#锶#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=33, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=96772, encryptionId=668b96e72d9, topicName=锶)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=a21b6366000, createdName=villahu, createdTime=Fri Jun 01 02:24:00 CST 2018, time=2018-06-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=319992, encodeId=75e331999207, content=谢谢分享.学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=54, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo6Nx0VGA4QMDzOP8oAgnV4h51EjSfehJ9QxyiaSmw8PB56BhY8KXFSxHCibXrzcy4abrzSibXQPxJ9kzrLcJyhhB8a/0, createdBy=1d3b1672603, createdName=明月清辉, createdTime=Wed May 30 13:23:16 CST 2018, time=2018-05-30, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=319984, encodeId=de3631998484, content=阅, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=55, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/09/07/a9772c74ffd6edc03a7f9af07b4747f6.jpg, createdBy=b3722138742, createdName=sunfeifeiyang, createdTime=Wed May 30 13:06:43 CST 2018, time=2018-05-30, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=319968, encodeId=2b5f319968ff, content=学习了.长知识, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=60, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20220115/46bcf39c32de4aa6b45c5f9d66c8ee77/6cb4a20c55bb4b7691122f47747bfca2.jpg, createdBy=9dad1662329, createdName=1ddf0692m34(暂无匿称), createdTime=Wed May 30 12:47:48 CST 2018, time=2018-05-30, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=319963, encodeId=8a8b31996377, content=学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=68, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2ac82155377, createdName=1201e5c5m39暂无昵称, createdTime=Wed May 30 12:29:14 CST 2018, time=2018-05-30, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-05-30 1201e5c5m39暂无昵称

    学习了

    0