Nature:中国科学家揭示动脉粥样硬化形成机制

2016-12-23 生物探索 生物探索

Nature:中国科学家揭示动脉粥样硬化形成机制

导读 香港中文大学深圳研究院黄聿教授与天津医科大学朱毅教授的研究团队合作,在动脉粥样硬化形成机制方面的研究取得了突破性进展。相关研究成果于2016年12月7日在Nature在线发表,并配有评论文章。该成果在预防和治疗血管炎症及动脉粥样硬化方面具有重大医学价值。


香港中文大学深圳研究院黄聿教授与天津医科大学朱毅教授的研究团队合作,在动脉粥样硬化形成机制方面的研究取得了突破性进展。相关研究成果于2016年12月7日在Nature在线发表,并配有评论文章。该成果在预防和治疗血管炎症及动脉粥样硬化方面具有重大医学价值。

血流动力学在动脉粥样硬化的发生发展有一个核心作用,关键驱动是剪切应力。不同的剪切应力会引发不同的细胞应答,如果出现异常就会引发血管炎症,动脉粥样硬化等疾病。

YAP/TAZ感受血流调控动脉粥样斑块形成

血液在血管内的流动方式分为层流和湍流。由于发生在直血管区域的剪切应力均匀,不被认为是形成斑块的危险因素。在弯曲的血管区域,包括分支点,湍流模式更易发生斑块。

该研究发现YAP和TAZ蛋白(YAP/TAZ是Hippo信号通路下游的重要转录调控因子,控制器官大小,有抑癌功能)作为细胞机械压力的传感器或检查点,在内皮细胞管壁感受和区分层流和湍流的不同血流量模式,然后导致内皮细胞的信号传导通路改变,最终确定斑块的形成或促进。

在小鼠模型实验和人体组织中,黄聿和朱毅教授的研究团队都发现层流带来的剪切应力能够抑制YAP/TAZ的活性,减弱JNK信号传导和相关炎症基因的表达,可减少单核细胞对内皮细胞的粘附,从而延缓动脉粥样硬化的形成。反之,湍流则会增加YAP/TAZ的活性,从而造成炎症的发生。


现有心血管的药物可抑制YAP/TAZ活性

此项研究还发现几种现有的降血脂或抗动脉粥样硬化药物有助抑制YAP/TAZ的转录活性。在多种临床常用药物当中,以他汀类(statins)效果最为显著。YAP/TAZ促使血管内皮细胞有炎症反应,而降血脂的他汀类药物可抑制YAP/TAZ的活性。

该研究成果不仅阐明细胞转录调控因子YAP/TAZ与血管炎症及动脉粥样硬化的形成有密切关系,为动脉粥样硬化的治疗找到了新靶标,并为解释运动锻炼可预防血管硬化提供了新的理论依据;并且还发现降脂或抗动脉粥样硬化药物能够抑制YAP/TAZ的转录激活,这些研究结果对重新审视现有药物的功效及开发新的抗心血管病药物有着重要提示作用。换言之,心血管治疗药物可能也可用于治疗肿瘤。反过来,抗癌药物也有可能用于治疗心血管疾病。拓展了心血管药物在癌症治疗中的运用。

原始出处:

[1] Li Wang,et al. Integrin-YAP/TAZ-JNK cascade mediates atheroprotective effect of unidirectional shear flow. Nature.07 December 2016.

[2] Vedanta Mehta & Ellie Tzima. Cardiovascular disease: A turbulent path to plaque formation. Nature .07 December 2016.

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