Nat Commun:新研究挑战现有的阿尔茨海默病进展模式

2016-11-08 佚名 生物谷

阿尔茨海默病(Alzheimer's disease)是一种神经退行性疾病。尽管经过多年的研究,但是迄今为止还没有有效的疗法或治愈方法。然而,最近在分子遗传学上取得的突破表明这种疾病可能像感染一样在大脑中紧密相连的区域间扩散。这些发现着重强调需要追踪它扩散到大脑中的最早起始点,这样靶向这些区域的疗法就能够被开发。 英国剑桥大学认知大脑科学中心科学家Taylor Schmitz团队和美国康奈尔大学


阿尔茨海默病(Alzheimer's disease)是一种神经退行性疾病。尽管经过多年的研究,但是迄今为止还没有有效的疗法或治愈方法。

然而,最近在分子遗传学上取得的突破表明这种疾病可能像感染一样在大脑中紧密相连的区域间扩散。这些发现着重强调需要追踪它扩散到大脑中的最早起始点,这样靶向这些区域的疗法就能够被开发。

英国剑桥大学认知大脑科学中心科学家Taylor Schmitz团队和美国康奈尔大学人类发育助理教授Nathan Spreng团队阐明了基底前脑区,在那里,阿尔茨海默病导致的神经组织退化甚至在这种疾病的认知和行为症状产生之前就会出现。他们的研究结果于2016年11月4日在线发表在Nature Communications期刊上,论文标题为“Basal forebrain degeneration precedes and predicts the cortical spread of Alzheimer’s pathology”。他们的研究所使用的数据是从阿尔茨海默病神经成像启动计划(Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative)数据库中获得的。

基底前脑区含有非常大的紧密相连的对这种疾病特别敏感的神经元。Schmitz和Spreng证实当阿尔茨海默病病情恶化时,基底前脑区退化可预测大脑中参与记忆的颞叶区随后的退化。这种病情恶化模式与表明阿尔茨海默病确实在一段之后在大脑区域间扩散的其他研究相一致,但是这项研究挑战了一种普遍持有的观点:这种疾病起源自大脑颞叶区。

Spreng说,“我们正希望这项研究有助重新评估这种疾病起源自何处。这可能打开新的介入方法;当然它会打开新的检测方法。”

他们的研究结果是对年龄相匹配的老年人大样本进行为期两年的研究的成果。在这个大样本中,根据正常的测试,一组老年人具有正常的认知功能,然而其他老年人的特点是不同水平的认知损伤:

(1)具有轻度认知功能障碍(mild cognitive impairment, MCI)的个人并不发展为阿尔茨海默病;
(2)MCI个人在一年之后发展为阿尔茨海默病;
(3)在整个研究期间,被定义为患有阿尔茨海默病的个人。

通过分析在这为期两年的研究期间进行三次拍摄的脑容量高分辨率解剖学上的核磁共振成像图片,研究人员能够确定相对于认知正常的个人,MCI或阿尔茨海默病患者在大脑基底前脑区和颞叶区中表现出更大的灰质容量损失。有趣的是,他们证实在这个两年的时间内,基底前脑区的神经组织退化可预测随后的颞叶区中的组织退化,而不是相反的情形。

Spreng说,从抽样的健康成年人脊髓液中能够检测到异常水平的表征阿尔茨海默病的β淀粉样蛋白。测试结果表明不论β淀粉样蛋白水平如何,颞叶区看起来都是一样的,然而,在这些看似健康的具有异常β淀粉样蛋白水平的健康成年人体内,基底前脑区表现出显著的退化。

Schmitz说,“未来的分子遗传学研究有巨大的希望用来开发在认知功能下降之前阻止阿尔茨海默病病理特征扩散的治疗策略。因此,我们对阿尔茨海默病扩散的早期起始点的阐明在指导抵抗这种毁灭性疾病的努力中发挥着至关重要的作用。”

原始出处

Taylor W. Schmitz, R. Nathan Spreng & The Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative.Basal forebrain degeneration precedes and predicts the cortical spread of Alzheimer’s pathology.Nat Commun.2016

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    2017-10-08 liye789132251
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    2017-08-31 liuli5079
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