药品跨区域联合采购潮涌 合作机制待完善

2017-12-04 佚名 新浪网

区域性的联合采购短期内会使高价格区域的利润被缩减,相关代理商操作空间减少。而从长期来看,区域壁垒被打破后有利于药价回归到相对合理的区间。

今年2月,国务院办公厅发布《关于进一步改革完善药品生产流通使用政策的若干意见》(下称“意见”),进一步提高医疗机构在药品集中采购中的参与度并鼓励跨区域和专科医院联合采购。随后,各地跨区域联合采购联盟陆续涌出。

继此前四省一市联盟、三明联盟、西部地区医用耗材采购合作联盟、京津冀耗材采购联盟建立后,近日,广东省启动跨区域合作,与湖北省签订药品交易战略合作协议,探索跨地区联合采购。

“跨区域联合采购相对于单一区域来说,更加具备集团化和规模化的特点,能增强采购主体对药品生产企业的价格话语权和谈判能力。”11月30日,优品财富医药行业研究员蒋婷在接受21世纪经济报道记者采访时表示,不同的省份和不同的地区可以共享相关药品采购价格的信息,通过定期或者不定期的信息汇总和交换,推动药品耗材采购健康发展。

多种模式并行

根据协议,湖北省与广东省未来将在资质互认、信息共享、价格联动、联合采购、用药保障五个方面探索联合采购新模式,主要聚焦跨区域药品、耗材和疫苗等交易品种的交易价格体系。

事实上,早在2015年《国务院办公厅关于完善公立医院药品集中采购工作的指导意见》(国办发〔2015〕7号)中就曾提到医院的药品采购鼓励省际跨区域联合采购。随着今年上述《意见》的发布,省级联合采购有了实质性进展。

截至2017年11月24日,全国已形成三明联盟、西部联盟(10省、自治区)、京津冀联盟、“沪苏浙皖闽”四省一市联盟和粤鄂联盟。其中,三明联盟成员已经包括了19个地级市和31个县,西部联盟和京津冀联盟主要针对的是医用耗材的采购。

蒋婷介绍称,目前药品联合采购方式大抵分为跨区域采购、三明采购联盟以及GPO三种采购模式。“四省一市药品耗材采购联盟、西部省区医用耗材采购合作联盟、京津冀医用耗材联合采购等跨区域集团均是跨区域医联体采购;而三明联盟是一种特殊跨区域采购模式,主要是以地级市作为一个医联体增强自身议价能力;GPO采购则是通过药品集中采购组织来进行药品采购,但实际上只是以医保为主导的少量几个品种的采购。”

“但无论哪种模式,药品采购定价原则都需要回归到其经济价值,以临床的供需关系来决定市场准入价格才会相对公允。”北京一从事医药企业股权投资的投资经理告诉21世纪经济报道记者,区域性的联合采购短期内会使高价格区域的利润被缩减,代理商操作空间减少。而从长期来看,区域壁垒被打破后有利于药价回归到相对合理的区间。

量价挂钩难题

降低药价一直被视为是深化“医改”的突破口。2016年4月,李克强总理在国务院常务会议上明确表示,深化医改的重点工作就是全面推进公立医院药品集中采购,建立药品出厂价格信息可追溯机制,推行从生产到流通和从流通到医疗机构各开一次发票的“两票制”,使中间环节加价透明化。

“前期企业药品价格普遍虚高,存在严重的回扣促销问题,药品流通中存在过票洗钱等腐败利益链条。”蒋婷告诉21世纪经济报道记者,成立了采购联盟后医疗机构的话语权得到增强,量大价低是正常的市场规律。

“但在实施推行的过程中,在医生和医院收入分配方式未解的情况下,议价能力得到增强的医疗机构极可能与药企进行二次议价。”上述投资人士表示,以医疗机构主导的议价机制在降低药价的同时,却并未能提升实际的采购量,“对于药企来说,长期的价格战将不利于企业的发展,部分中小型药企难以参与,会适时放弃价格低于预期的竞标”。

蒋婷也认为,现阶段药品生产企业的价格降低了,但是销量上可能并未达到预期,造成了企业部分利润的挤出,从中长期来看,企业容易陷入被动局面。

“药品有合理的利润区间才能促进创新药的健康发展。”一位不愿透露姓名的药企市场部人士告诉记者,联合采购加大了药企的竞争压力,因此对自身产品的市场分配更需要有全国布局。

另一方面,由于现阶段多种医联体联合议价模式的存在,与不同区域的差异性相配套的议事规则及监管措施并不完善。“不同联合体的谈判药品原则上要错位选择,不重复、不交叉,但是实际过程中可能出现多个成员省份与企业重复议价。”蒋婷补充道,“当前各个省份医保基金筹资能力和支付方式还是存在差异,在大规模区域展开联合采购也存在一定的兼容问题。”

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    2017-12-09 三生有幸9135

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    2017-12-06 wolongzxh
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    2017-12-05 三生有幸9135

    学习一下谢谢分享

    0

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    2017-12-05 liuweigang

    学习.了解.了解

    0

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    2017-12-04 happsf

    好好学习

    0

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