Diabetes Care :高脂和高蛋白饮食增加血糖波动性

2013-12-09 佚名 丁香园

为了确定碳水化合物含量相同的高蛋白(HP)和高脂(HF)饮食对强化胰岛素疗法(IIT)治疗的儿童餐后血糖的影响。来自澳大利亚约翰。亨特儿童医院儿科内分泌和糖尿病科的Smart博士等进行了一项研究,发现高蛋白和高脂饮食增加IIT治疗的青少年的血糖波动性。蛋白和脂肪对于延缓餐后血糖升高具有累加作用,同时蛋白能够减少低血糖的发生。研究结果在线发表于2013年10月29日美国《糖尿

为了确定碳水化合物含量相同的高蛋白(HP)和高脂(HF)饮食对强化胰岛素疗法(IIT)治疗的儿童餐后血糖的影响。来自澳大利亚约翰。亨特儿童医院儿科内分泌和糖尿病科的Smart博士等进行了一项研究,发现高蛋白和高脂饮食增加IIT治疗的青少年的血糖波动性。蛋白和脂肪对于延缓餐后血糖升高具有累加作用,同时蛋白能够减少低血糖的发生。研究结果在线发表于2013年10月29日美国《糖尿病治疗》(Diabetes Care)杂志上。【原文下载

该研究中,33名8-17岁的受试者分别进食4种碳水化合物含量相同但蛋白和脂肪量不同的试验餐,分别为:低脂(LF)/低蛋白(LP),LF/HP,HF/LP,HF/HP.LF和HF饮食各含有4g和35g脂肪,LP和HP饮食各含有5g和40g蛋白。每次进餐时根据个人情况给予标准化的胰岛素剂量。采用5h动态血糖监测评估餐后血糖。

结果显示,与LF/LP饮食比较,LF/HP饮食后180min和HF/LP饮食后210min,平均血糖波动性增大(分别为2.4mmol/L比0.5mmol/L,P=0.02;1.8mmol/L比-0.5mmol/L,P=0.01)。与其它类型饮食比较, HF/HP饮食后180min到300min,血糖波动性升高(P<0.04)。HP饮食降低低血糖风险(OR 0.16)。

研究发现,高蛋白和高脂饮食增加IIT治疗的青少年餐后3-5h的血糖波动性。此外,蛋白和脂肪对于延缓餐后血糖升高具有累加作用,同时蛋白具有避免低血糖发生的保护作用。

研究背景:

当前,对于强化胰岛素疗法(IIT)治疗的1型糖尿病患者(T1D)的治疗,主张根据饮食中碳水化合物的含量来计算进餐时的胰岛素用量。这种方法被推荐作为改善血糖控制和使饮食变得更加灵活的一种手段。通常,这些计算方法没有考虑膳食中蛋白和脂肪的含量。

近年来,新的算法推荐,除碳水化合物外,还需要计算脂肪和蛋白含量,以便于确定高脂和高蛋白膳食后需要追加的胰岛素用量。但是,采取这些推荐的算法后,在儿童中观察到的餐后低血糖发生的情况有所增加。最近的一项研究显示,高脂膳食比碳水化合物含量相同的低脂膳食需要的胰岛素多,这为高脂饮食需要新的胰岛素用量算法提供了支持。但是,目前普遍缺少关于蛋白和脂肪对IIT治疗的患者餐后血糖影响的证据,同时也缺乏比较一致的合理安排高蛋白(HP)和高脂(HF)膳食的临床建议。

到目前为止,在试验餐研究中已同时考虑蛋白和脂肪的影响,不过检查不同蛋白含量对使用胰岛素泵或每天多次注射胰岛素的T1D患者的影响的对照临床试验还没有进行。因此,该项研究的目的是检查含有相同碳水化合物含量的HP和HF对IIT治疗的儿童和青少年餐后血糖的影响。

原文出处

Smart CE, Evans M, O'Connell SM, McElduff P, Lopez PE, Jones TW, Davis EA, King BR.Both dietary protein and fat increase postprandial glucose excursions in children with type 1 diabetes, and the effect is additive.Diabetes Care. 2013 Dec;【原文下载

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    2013-12-11 pcw111
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    2013-12-11 海豹

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PNAS:消化道细菌A. muciniphila或可用于预防肥胖

日前,比利时与荷兰的研究发现,消化道细菌Akkermansia muciniphila可能在维持消化道粘膜屏障和防止肥胖相关代谢疾病方面起到了一个关键的作用。研究人员发现,生活在消化道的营养丰富的粘液层的主要的细菌A. muciniphila的丰富程度在肥胖和II型糖尿病小鼠体内减少了。研究人员还观察到了,让这些小鼠服用低聚果糖益生元(oligofructose prebiotics)能恢复A.

国外动态:孕妇饮食不健康会影响孩子心理

孕妇饮食也会影响孩子的心理健康。新研究发现,如果孕妇食用了不健康的食物,孩子可能会出现忧郁、焦虑、脾气暴躁的现象。此外,如果孩子出生后同样吃下不健康的食品,也会引发情绪不佳的问题。 澳大利亚迪肯大学的研究人员与挪威研究人员对2.3万余名母亲与她们的孩子进行了调查。通过问卷调查孕妇怀孕期间、婴儿18个月大以及孩子3岁前的饮食情况,同时,研究人员还对孩子在1岁半、3岁及5岁时的忧郁、焦虑、行

临产孕妇无需限制饮食

尽管长期以来普遍认为孕妇在临产前应限制饮食,然而刊登于考克兰图书馆(The Cochrane Library)的一项元分析结果表明临产前无需限制孕妇饮食。 该项研究的作者之一,英国利物浦大学妇女及儿童卫生部的Gillian ML Gyte表示医院不应建议临产期孕妇限制饮食更不应知道孕妇摄入能量饮料等特定食物。 该项研究的作者指出,此前的研究已经表