Nat.com.:冯健等成功在体外培养出帕金森患者脑细胞

2012-02-15 MedSci MedSci原创

2月7日,Nature Communications杂志上发表论文称,科学家成功用罹患帕金森氏症患者的皮肤细胞制造出脑细胞。这就意味着研究人员可以准确的追踪帕金基因是如何突变诱发帕金森疾病的。 这是一项重要的突破,因为研究人员可以实时地研究帕金森疾病影响的脑细胞。动物没有致病基因很难表现出类似帕金森的病症,所以研究人员必须使用人类神经细胞,但如果不能取到活的人类脑细胞就很难开展研究。 然而

2月7日,Nature Communications杂志上发表论文称,科学家成功用罹患帕金森氏症患者的皮肤细胞制造出脑细胞。这就意味着研究人员可以准确的追踪帕金基因是如何突变诱发帕金森疾病的。

这是一项重要的突破,因为研究人员可以实时地研究帕金森疾病影响的脑细胞。动物没有致病基因很难表现出类似帕金森的病症,所以研究人员必须使用人类神经细胞,但如果不能取到活的人类脑细胞就很难开展研究。

然而,冯健和他纽约大学布法罗分校的同事从四例患者包括(两例健康和两例携带帕金突变基因)身上提取皮肤细胞。他们诱导这些皮肤细胞成为多能干细胞,然后将其分化成神经细胞——具体来说,产生多巴胺的中脑神经细胞也称为多巴胺能神经元。

研究人员发现帕金基因会间接的损伤这些神经元。帕金基因调控血清单胺氧化酶(MAO)的合成,MAO则抑制神经传导物质多巴胺分泌。帕金基因突变时,调控作用丧失,MAO分泌增加,会导致分泌多巴胺的脑细胞受损。

帕金基因突变存在于志愿者的DNA中,所以是实验培育的脑细胞和帕金森患者真正的脑细胞有同样的特性。

有趣的是——研究人员发现植入正常的帕金基因可以修补基因缺陷。研究人员表示这有助于找到治疗帕金森疾病的新药物或新的治疗方法。

Parkin controls dopamine utilization in human midbrain dopaminergic neurons derived from induced pluripotent stem cells

Houbo Jiang,  Yong Ren,  Eunice Y. Yuen,  Ping Zhong,  Mahboobe Ghaedi,  Zhixing Hu,  Gissou Azabdaftari,  Kazuhiro Nakaso,  Zhen Yan  & Jian Feng

Parkinson's disease (PD) is defined by the degeneration of nigral dopaminergic (DA) neurons and can be caused by monogenic mutations of genes such as parkin. The lack of phenotype in parkin knockout mice suggests that human nigral DA neurons have unique vulnerabilities. Here we generate induced pluripotent stem cells from normal subjects and PD patients with parkin mutations. We demonstrate that loss of parkin in human midbrain DA neurons greatly increases the transcription of monoamine oxidases and oxidative stress, significantly reduces DA uptake and increases spontaneous DA release. Lentiviral expression of parkin, but not its PD-linked mutant, rescues these phenotypes. The results suggest that parkin controls dopamine utilization in human midbrain DA neurons by enhancing the precision of DA neurotransmission and suppressing dopamine oxidation. Thus, the study provides novel targets and a physiologically relevant screening platform for disease-modifying therapies of PD.

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