INVEST RADIO:使用光子计数检测器的增强乳腺计算机体层摄影的临床应用

2022-07-17 shaosai MedSci原创

专用的乳腺计算机断层扫描(B-CT)可以看到与乳腺钼靶或断层扫描相当的微小钙化,且不需要压迫乳房,这大大提高了患者的依从性。

乳腺钼靶乳腺癌组织筛查、机会性筛查和乳腺影像诊断中最常用的影像学方法。恶性肿瘤的典型表现是结构扭曲、可疑的软组织(ST)不透明和微钙化。在乳腺钼靶或断层扫描中,图像分别是二维或虚拟三维的,肿瘤范围需要在两个平面上进行评估以确定确切的大小和位置。另外,在乳腺钼靶或断层扫描中,为了保持图像的高质量和低辐射剂量,有必要对乳房进行挤压,这对一些女性来说很难接受。另一种使用造影剂评估乳腺病变的检查技术是增强磁共振成像(CE-MRI),是检测乳腺癌的最敏感的乳检查方式,具有内在的高ST对比度,无法观察到微小钙化。

专用的乳腺计算机断层扫描(B-CT)可以看到与乳腺钼靶或断层扫描相当的微小钙化,不需要压迫乳房,这大大提高了患者的依从性。与乳腺MRI相比,B-CT是一种快速检查可以在有MRI禁忌症的患者中进行。

近日,发表在INVEST RADIO杂志的一项研究介绍了一种新的增强螺旋B-CT(CE-B-CT)的首次临床活体检查结果,评估了其同时检测增强病变和微小钙化的诊断能力,将B-CT中病变大小与手术样本的组织学进行了比较,并计算了增强B-CT检查中所描述的病变的信噪比(SNR),为患者提供了一个新的、接受度更强的、检查更便捷的乳腺影像学检查手段。

本研究对12名在乳腺钼靶检查或B-CT中发现可疑乳腺病变的女性进行了增强螺旋B-CT和辅助超声检查。对所有病变获得了活检证明的诊断和手术切除后的组织病理学结构,包括癌症/原位癌的大小,这与B-CT测量的大小相关。对肿瘤、腺体组织和脂肪组织的信噪比和对比度进行了评估。 

在12名患者中,发现15个可疑病变,其中14个是恶性的,1个良性病变(慢性炎症)。所有病变都表现出明显的造影剂摄取,信噪比为119.7±52.5,腺体组织和乳腺癌病变之间的信噪比为12.6±5.9。B-CT测量的浸润性肿瘤的大小与组织学大小相比有显著的强相关性,R=0.77(P<0.05),而与原位导管癌的瘤周大小相关性不显著R=0.80(P=0.11)。 


 78岁患者,患有无特殊的浸润性乳腺癌。 A-C,第一次检查,肿瘤显著摄取造影剂。D-F,新辅助化疗4周后的随访检查,肿瘤增大,有新的肿瘤肿块出现

本研究表明,CE-B-CT显示出了乳腺癌和周围腺体组织之间的高对比度,是一种有临床前景的癌症检测和分期技术,可以对ST病变和微钙化进行准确显示,可作为乳腺MRI检查的替代影像学检查手段。

 

原文出处:

Nicole Berger,Magda Marcon,Jann Wieler,et al.Contrast Media-Enhanced Breast Computed Tomography With a Photon-Counting Detector: Initial Experiences on In Vivo Image Quality and Correlation to Histology.DOI:10.1097/RLI.0000000000000863

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