山东大学齐鲁医院介入栓塞术治愈罕见巨大肺动静脉瘘患者

2014-09-29 于莉娟 田玉清 医学论坛网

         近日,一名15岁少年因“活动后胸闷、气短6个月”入住山东大学齐鲁医院,诊断为肺动静脉瘘,该院心血管外

  

      近日,一名15岁少年因“活动后胸闷、气短6个月”入住山东大学齐鲁医院,诊断为肺动静脉瘘,该院心血管外科成功为其行介入栓塞术,患者治愈出院。

        为该患者查体,未闻及心脏杂音,于右肺闻及连续性杂音,深吸气时增强,可见杵状指(趾)。胸片:可见右肺肿块状阴影。CT提示:右肺中叶肺动静脉瘘。平静不吸氧和吸氧指端饱和度均为91%。结合症状、体征以及辅助检查,诊断为“肺动静脉瘘”。经全科讨论,庞昕焱副主任医师、谷兴华副主任医师根据该患者的特点,制定个体介入治疗方案。经过必要准备,谷兴华副主任医师在局麻下行肺动静脉瘘介入栓塞术。在局麻下穿刺股静脉,先行主肺动脉造影和选择性肺动脉分支不同体位造影,可见右肺中叶巨大肺动静脉瘘瘤,约35mm*45mm*45mm,供应动脉直径约12mm,长约14mm,经右肺上静脉回流入左房,可见瘘瘤内造影剂延迟排空(见图1、图2)。送入0.035加硬导丝至瘘瘤腔内,沿导丝送入10F输送鞘管,选用国产14/16mm的PDA封堵器,准确定位后进行栓塞,重复选择性造影示栓塞完全,囊腔不显影,封堵器大小、位置合适,未影响正常肺动脉分支血流(图3),释放封堵器。封堵效果满意,术后即刻指端饱和度为98%。无胸闷、气短等症状,术后3天治愈出院。

        肺动静脉瘘(pulmonary arteriovenous fistula ,PAVF) 是一种罕见的肺血管发育畸形。它是肺动脉和肺静脉之间的异常沟通,形成高流量、低阻力的右向左分流。患者可出现紫绀、杵状指、呼吸困难及矛盾性栓塞等临床表现,可并发咳血、血胸等出血症状,以及并发脑脓肿、偏瘫及短暂性脑缺氧发作等神经系统症状。外科多采用结扎,局部、肺段、肺叶或全肺切除等方式,手术创伤大,周围组织容易破裂出血,风险大、必须损失部分肺功能。随着介入技术及栓塞材料不断的发展成熟,因其创伤小、疗效确切,介入栓塞治疗是目前治疗PAVF最安全及有效的首选方法。

        该患者为巨大PAVF,极为罕见,选择性肺动脉造影全面评估其形态特征尤其重要,根据其特点,手术者选择最佳栓塞封堵方法及材料。治疗中需要熟练、谨慎、轻柔、准确的手术技巧,既能最大限度保留正常肺组织供血,又能减少侧支循环或PAVF破裂的发生。


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    2015-08-19 fusion
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    2014-10-01 syscxl
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