十二指肠乳头绒毛管状腺瘤超声造影表现1例

2020-06-29 卢潇 唐少珊 中国临床医学影像杂志

病例男,67岁,以“体检发现胆总管末端占位2月余”为主诉入院。患者近4月间断性反酸烧心,2月前无明显诱因出现高热、寒战,体温最高达39.5℃,无腹痛、腹胀、黄疸等,无恶心、呕吐

病例男,67岁,以“体检发现胆总管末端占位2月余”为主诉入院。患者近4月间断性反酸烧心,2月前无明显诱因出现高热、寒战,体温最高达39.5℃,无腹痛、腹胀、黄疸等,无恶心、呕吐等不适。

超声检查:肝内胆管普遍扩张,较宽处约0.4 cm,胆总管扩张,宽约1.3 cm,末端十二指肠乳头部可见1.5 cm×1.1 cm低回声团(图1),边界模糊,随十二指肠蠕动其形态发生改变,超声造影显示:动脉相23s病灶整体呈高增强(图2),1min后病灶内造影剂减退,呈低增强。主胰管未见扩张。超声诊断:胆总管末端十二指肠乳头部低回声团,超声造影检查不除外十二指肠乳头腺瘤;肝外胆道末端梗阻。


图1二维声像图示胆总管末端低回声团,边界模糊(箭头处为病灶)。图2CEUS动脉相胆总管末端低回声团整体高增强(箭头处为病灶)。

患者入院后行胰头十二指肠切除术,手术中见:胆总管末端紧邻十二指肠大乳头处见肿物直径约1 cm,粉红质软,界欠清。镜下所见:十二指肠腺上皮乳头状增生,部分细胞上移高柱状。病理诊断:十二指肠乳头胆总管末端:绒毛管状腺瘤,局灶高级别上皮内瘤变。


图3 镜下所见:腺体增生排列密集,呈管状或绒毛状。

讨论

十二指肠腺瘤是一种少见的小肠良性肿瘤,发病率不足消化道肿瘤的5%,起病隐匿,发病机制尚不明确,以50~70岁多见,好发于十二指肠降段壶腹周围。依据镜下病理将其分为:①绒毛状腺瘤:绒毛状或乳头状,宽基底,质软,易恶变;②管状腺瘤:有蒂,质硬,不易恶变;③混合状腺瘤:即十二指肠绒毛状管状腺瘤,兼具前两者的形态结构特征和病理特性,且有较高的恶变倾向。患者早期无症状或症状较轻,随着病程的发展,由于病灶大小及形态的不同,会出现恶心、呕吐、腹痛、阻塞性黄疸等症状,也可伴有高热、寒战。临床表现缺乏特异性。

影像学检查是诊断十二指肠腺瘤的主要手段。低张十二指肠造影(HD)定位准确,但不能确定病灶的组织结构,也无法观察腔外病灶。CT和MRCP除可出现肝内外胆管或主胰管扩张等间接征象外,CT增强后病灶可呈轻度或中度强化,但对于较小的病灶检出准确率较低,且对于鉴别乳头部病灶的组织来源相对困难;ERCP及十二指肠内镜可直接观察病灶,对乳头部和内侧壁的病灶较为敏感,但由于壶腹部的解剖较为复杂,即使是内镜检查也很难精确诊断。而超声可以实时动态观察病灶,本病例中发现病灶随十二指肠的蠕动而运动,并发生形态上的改变,可以推断病灶来源,同时CEUS提示病灶增强,这为该病与结石、胆泥等的鉴别诊断提供了重要影像学依据。

原始出处:

卢潇,唐少珊.十二指肠乳头绒毛管状腺瘤超声造影表现1例[J].中国临床医学影像杂志,2019(03):223-224.

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    2020-07-01 sodoo

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