Pediatrics:低出生体重,被小霸王欺负的儿童可能面临持久的负面影响

2016-02-21 MedSci MedSci原创

极低出生体重出生儿童可能面临被正常出生体重儿童欺负的风险,并且被欺负的负面影响持续时间相当长。

极低出生体重儿童可能面临被正常出生体重儿童欺负的风险,并且被欺负的负面影响持续时间相当长。

童年受到欺负的成年人中,出生体重低于1000克的人比出生体重2500克的人更容易出现抑郁、焦虑、反社会、回避、多动、经验强迫或惊恐障碍。

研究的主要作者,McMaster大学Offord儿童研究中心研究员Kimberly Day认为童年受到欺负对每一个孩子都会产生长期、有害的影响,极低出生体重的成年人可能面临更多的负面影响。

极低出生体重儿童可能存在慢性肺部疾病、认知延误、行为及情绪问题、身体残疾、视力或听力受损等并发症。

上述这些情况使极低体重出生儿对被欺负更为敏感,受到欺负的负面影响更为巨大。

为了评价出生体重如何影响童年被欺负的负面效果,Day和同事检查22-36岁存在精神障碍的成人的相关资料。

275名参与者完成初次评估,随后有超过138名参与者退出试验。

在完成26-36岁评估的成年人中,共有84例出生时是低出生体重婴儿,出生体重平均约829克,对照组90例成人出生体重约3400克。

在初次评估中,研究人员要求参与者回忆并使用10分制为16岁前受到的身体或言语欺负打分,最低分表示几乎没有受到欺负,最高分表示经常受到欺负。

出生时低体重的成人报告受到欺负的平均分是5.1分,而正常出生体重的成人报告受到欺负的平均分是4.4分.

研究人员发现,在26岁时受害得分每增加一个点,低出生体重的成人发生抑郁症的风险增加高67%,发生焦虑的风险增加36%,存在反社会行为的风险增加92%,存在注意力缺失/多动症的风险增加39%。

年龄在29-36岁的低出生体重的成人,初始受害打分每增加一分,发生惊恐障碍的风险增加69%,发生强迫症的风险增加超过三倍。

研究发现,对于出生体重正常的成年人,童年受欺负可预测存在反社会问题的概率增加。

研究人员指出,这项研究的失访率很高,一些成人参与者可能对童年经历的回忆并不准确。

这项研究的参与者出生在1970-1990之间,但是近年来随着新生儿护理的改善,上述研究结果可能对于未来的儿童并不适用。

极低体重出生儿感受童年欺负的方式可能与正常体重出生儿并不相同。

医疗措施也会影响极低体重出生儿的长期学习和社会化能力,相比较于正常出生体重儿童,极低体重出生儿在青少年期和成人期的成长路径可能并不相同。

童年时受到欺负不利于儿童健康。这项研究的重点在于童年受到欺负可对心理健康产生长期影响,尤其是对于极低出生体重的人,有些不良影响甚至成年后仍然存在。

原文出处:

1.Lisa Rapaport.Kids Born Small and Targeted by Bullies May Face Lasting Effects. Reuters Health Information.February 18, 2016.

2.Kimberly L. Day, et al.Long-term Psychiatric Impact of Peer Victimization in Adults Born at Extremely Low Birth Weight.Pediatrics.March 2016.

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    2016-06-30 hbwxf
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    2016-07-30 feather89
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