Gut:大锯齿状息肉患者结直肠癌风险增加

2014-12-10 xiaoxiao5413 丁香园

通常认为结直肠息肉通过息肉-肿瘤途径可发展为结直肠癌(colorectal cancer,CRC),近期有研究表明高达30%的CRC通过锯齿状息肉途径进展而来,它包括增生性息肉(hyperplastic polyps,HP)、无蒂锯齿状腺瘤/息肉(sessile serrated adenomas/polyps ,SSA/P)及传统的锯齿状息肉(traditional serrated a

通常认为结直肠息肉通过息肉-肿瘤途径可发展为结直肠癌(colorectal cancer,CRC),近期有研究表明高达30%的CRC通过锯齿状息肉途径进展而来,它包括增生性息肉(hyperplastic polyps,HP)、无蒂锯齿状腺瘤/息肉(sessile serrated adenomas/polyps ,SSA/P)及传统的锯齿状息肉(traditional serrated adenomas,TSA),尸检显示发生率高达13%-52%。

由于锯齿状息肉被认为是CRC的癌前病变,在最近的随访指南中推荐将其切除,但上述推荐的证据级别较低,因为对锯齿状息肉的自然史认识颇少。

挪威克里斯蒂安桑S rlandet 医院的 yvind Holme医生及其同事对筛查时发现的大锯齿状息肉患者发生CRC的自然史及风险进行了研究,结果发表在2014年11月份的GUT杂志上。

他们将于1999-2001年长期居住在挪威奥斯陆或泰勒马克郡的100210名居民随机分成了筛查组(20572名)及对照组,前者中12955名接受了可弯曲乙状结肠镜检查,对可发现的任何病灶均进行活检,若确诊为肿瘤、腺瘤或大于10mm息肉以及大便潜血阳性患者,在检查结束后6周内行结肠镜检查。

由于当时对于非腺瘤性息肉治疗尚无统一标准,部分内镜医生对其进行了切除,部分只是取活检而未切除。前者分成了非进展期结肠息肉组(有1-2个直径小于10mm管状腺瘤,无异型增生)、进展期结肠息肉组、锯齿状息肉组、无息肉组。

推荐1268名患者进行结肠镜随访,包括进展期结肠息肉患者(有三个或更多结肠息肉、高级别异型增生、组织学活检有绒毛状成分)、未切除的体积较小的管状腺瘤(1-4mm)、一级亲属有CRC及筛查时肠道准备欠佳或未完全切除的息肉患者。

有两名经验丰富的病理专家对锯齿状息肉组患者的病例标本重新阅片,并分成如下四类1(1)HP;(2)SSA/P,有或无异型增生;(3)TSA;(4)未分类(由于标本体积太小或太表浅或无法确定标本的方向)。

锯齿状息肉综合征定义为乙状结肠近端至少5个锯齿状息肉,2个或更多个直径大于10mm,且/或整个结肠大于20个体积不等的锯齿状息肉。

对至2011年12月31日尚存活且未诊断为CRC的患者,在2012年9月至2013年3月再次进行结肠镜检查,对发现的任何息肉病灶均进行切除并送病理。

结果发现,在12955参与筛查的人群中,103人有至少一个大锯齿状息肉,其中22人为进展期息肉(包括2名在筛查或随访时诊断为CRC的患者),被列入进展期息肉组,因此锯齿状息肉组共包括81人(其中4人符合锯齿状息肉综合征),非进展期息肉组有1488人,进展期息肉组701人,无息肉组10685人。

在81名锯齿状息肉患者中,共发现450枚息肉,其中51枚非进展期息肉、399枚锯齿状息肉,对后者进行详细分类:139枚HP(35%), 169 枚SSA/P (42%), 1枚TSA(0.3%)及90枚未分类组(23%)。两名病理学家诊断锯齿状息肉的一致性为62.3%,诊断HP、SSA/P的一致性为66.6%;区分腺瘤及锯齿状息肉的一致率达97.8%。

随访中位时间为10.9年,锯齿状息肉组3人(3.7%)诊断为CRC,CRC发病率最高,而无息肉组则最低。与对照组相比,锯齿状息肉组、进展期息肉组发生CRC的HR分别为2.5、2.0。与无息肉组相比,锯齿状息肉组发生CRC的HR为4.2。多元回归分析显示,直径≥10mm的锯齿状腺瘤是CRC的独立危险因素(OR=3.3)。

并且,锯齿状息肉组及进展期息肉组自筛查至诊断CRC的中位时间分别为7.5年、7.1年。与进展期腺瘤组相比,锯齿状腺瘤组CRC的HR为3.2,;与非进展期腺瘤组相比,HR高达9.6。

他们还发现,锯齿状息肉组共发现3例CRC,其中1例病灶位于降结肠近端,另外2例位于直肠,其中1例直肠癌患者病灶部位与筛查时发现的大锯齿状息肉的位置有关。

筛查时,对24名直径≥10mm的锯齿状息肉患者,仅仅对病灶部位取活检而未对息肉进行切除,只有1名患者在随访时被诊断为CRC,但肿瘤部位与锯齿状息肉部位不一致。

21名大锯齿状息肉患者(有23枚息肉,包括5枚HP、11枚SSA/P、2枚SSA/P伴低级别异型增生、5枚未分型),在筛查后至少进行了一次结肠镜检查,筛查至筛查后第一次行结肠镜检查的中位时间为11.0年。

8名患者未发现多余息肉,6名患者息肉体积变小,3名患者息肉体积无变化,5枚息肉体积变大。筛查时发现的2枚SSA/P息肉,随访时体积较前增大,但异型增生级别仍是低级别。只有1名患者在随访时发现息肉发生了低级别异型增生。

因此,研究者得出如下结论:在长期随访过程中大锯齿状结肠息肉患者患CRC的风险增加,在10.9年内3.7%患者发展为CRC,患CRC风险比普通人群高2.5倍,比筛查时无息肉患者高3倍;同时,风险至少和进展期息肉患者一致;大部分锯齿状息肉进展缓慢,CRC可能不是此类息肉恶变而来,而是在结肠其他部位发生。

原始出处:

Holme O1, Bretthauer M2, Eide TJ3, Løberg EM3, Grzyb K4, Løberg M5, Kalager M6, Adami HO7, Kjellevold O8, Hoff G9.Long-term risk of colorectal cancer in individuals with serrated polyps.Gut. 2014 Nov 16. pii: gutjnl-2014-307793. doi: 10.1136/gutjnl-2014-307793. [Epub ahead of print]


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